Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making

Social Perception, and ascription, and Individual Decision propose Perception is the transition of receiving information about and making sense of manhood around us. It involves deciding which information notice, how to categorize this information and how to interpret it indoors the framework of existing knowledge. Another definition of perception is A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to expire meaning to their environment.We can summarize the perception with this sentence We wear upont see the things as they be, we see things as we ar. wherefore is perception important in the study of Organizational Behaviour? me depone because peoples conduct is based on their perception of what candor is, not on reality itself. Virtually all management activities rely on perception.In appraising performance, four-in-hands use their perceptions of an employees behaviour as a basis for evaluation. Factors that influence perception ar e categorized to three groups 1)Factors in the perceiver Attitudes, Motives, Interests, Experience, Expectations 2)Factors in the lieu Time, Work Setting, Social Setting 3)Factors in the target Novelty, Motion, Sounds, Size, Background, Proximity, Similarity Shortcuts used in judging others )Selective Perception a characteristic that make soul stand out in our headway will increase the probability that it will be perceived 2)Halo issuance drawing a general impression based on a single characteristic 3)Contrast Effects our reaction is influenced by others we have late encountered 4)Projection the tendency to attribute our own characteristics to other people 5)Stereotyping judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which they belong Attribution in OrganizationsAttribution simply refers to how a person explains the cause of anothers or his or her own behaviour. Attribution thus is the most relevant performance of perception concepts of organizational behaviour -the issue of person perception. The attributions or inferred causes we provide for behaviour have important implications in organizations. In explaining the causes of employee performance, good or bad, we are asked to explain the behaviour that was the basis for the performance.Attribution Theory suggests that when we observe an individuals behaviour, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused Internally believed to be under the personal control of the individual Externally resulting from outside causes. Determinants of Attribution Distinctiveness whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus if everyone who faces a comparable situation responds in the same(p) way. Consistency does the person respond the same way over time.Individual Decision Making Individuals in organizations make lasts. That is, they make choices from among two or more alternatives. Decision-making is almost universally defined as choosing bet ween alternatives. Decision-making is a critical activity in the lives of managers. The finiss a manager faces can range from very simple, routine matters for which the manager has an established decision rule(programmed decisions) to new and complex decisions that require creative solutions(non-programmed decisions). Decision-Making ProcessManagers have to make decisions whether they are simple or extremely complex. Making a good decision is a difficult exercise. It is the product of deliberation, evaluation and thought. To make good decisions, managers should constantly follow a sequential set of steps. 1)recognize the problem and need for a decision 2)identify the objective of the decision 3)gather and evaluate data and diagnose the situation 4)list and evaluate alternatives 5)select the best course of action 6)implement the decision 7)gather feedback 8)follow up