The Florida Everglades Essays -- Geography Environmental Nature Essays

The Florida EvergladesThe Florida Everglades have been adversely impacted for decades because of human attempts to control this historical River of Grass. The reason for our insisting on attempting to control and manage the area merchantman be defined in one word water. There has always been plenty of water procurable within the Everglades ecosystem, but no logical way to extract it. Our extraction efforts eventually led to devastate results. My paper will focus on the sign policy and practices involved in the extensive downgrading of this once biologically unequaled ecosystem as well as discuss recent policy initiatives that have been implemented in order to restore the Everglades to its once magnificent status. I will attempt to define the pertinent issues, priorities, actors, and instruments, as well as discuss lessons that can be taken from this case study. BackgroundIn its natural state, the South Florida ecosystem was connected by the flow of water south from Lake Okeechob ee through vast fresh water marshes, known as the Everglades, to Florida Bay and on to the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. The Everglades covered approximately 18,000 square miles and were the heart of a unique and biologically productive and unique region, bread and butter vast colonies of wading birds, a mixture of temperate and tropical plant and animal species, along with abundant coastal fisheries. These exceptional natural resources were nationally accept with the establishment of Everglades National Park in 1947. In 1948, sexual intercourse authorized the Central and Southern Florida Project in response to a series of devastating floods that had occurred in the area. This project authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to provide flood control... ..., for the undertaking would be too great for either to accomplish alone.References1) A Comprehensive plan for the return of the Florida Everglades United States Department of the Interior January 19, 1996.2) Restoring the Eve rglades, an American Legacy Act Committee on Environment and Public Works, One coke Sixth Congress July 27, 2000.3) Derr, Mark Some Kind of Paradise William Morrow & Company, New York1989.4) Glenn, A. Adam Birthday Gift for the Glades ABCNEWS.com December 2000.5) Maddox, Jennifer House Panel Chairman Everglades Restoration going to go forward Naples Daily News March 2000.6) Martin, John Whos in Charge Few Results from Massive Everglades Restoration Project ABCNEWS.com April 2000.7) Phinney, David Restoring the Everglades Congress Must First Pass Plan ABCNEWS.com July 2000.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Biblical Allusions in The Shipmans Tale E

The Canterbury statements, - Biblical Allusions in The Shipmans TaleThere is no doubting Chaucers mastery at paroemia that his adaptations of his many and varied sources transcended their roots is attest by the fact that, unlike many of his contemporaries or authorities, his works have not passen as dooth a shadwe upon the wal1. Yet while his skill as a medieval author is undisputed, the extent of his subtlety is not always fully appreciated. In The Canterbury Tales, for instance, while some tales were rapid in drawing academician interest and scholarly interpretations, others were quickly dismissed as ribald tales, as simple fabliaux hardly worthy of more than a cursory examination.The Shipmans Tale was one of these. That It may be Chaucers earliest fabliau and relatively simple in design and execution2 seemed, for a period of time, to be the general consensus on this piece the primary concern of scholars was in unearthing its sources (which proved to be uncharacteristically problematic), not in analysing its structural complexities or for insights into medieval society and life. Yet new research3 has renewed interest in this first tale from The Canterbury Tales Fragment VII, and it can now be seen as a fabliaux, yes, but as one that is as rich a tapestry woven of biblical allusions, literary techniques, intertextuality, and social commentary as any of the other tales. By pulling out and examining the burster and skill with which Chaucer inserted just one of these multiple threads in this case, the biblical allusions within The Shipmans Tale it can be shown that this is as significant a tale as any other.There are a limited number of methods by which Chaucer can integrate a biblical all... ...timis finibus pretium eius. Who shall find a valiant woman? far and from the uttermost coasts is the price of her. (Douay Translation).13Theresa Coletti, in The Meeting at the Gate Comic Hagiography and Symbol in The Shipmans Tale, associates the come ac ross of the merchant and his wife at the household gate (after his successful business venture) with the meeting of Joachim and Anne at the Golden Gate of Jerusalem. Assuming that the apocryphal tale was tumesce known, Chaucers audience would have recognized the iconographic significance of a meeting by a gate. Gail McMurray Gibson, in Resurrection as Dramatic Icon in the Shipmans Tale in Signs and Symbols in Chaucers Poetry, suggests that the tale alludes to the Resurrection, especially via Christs meeting with Mary Magdalene. Unfortunately, I was unable to secure a feign of that work for this essay.

film institute research :: essays research papers

From camera to television a film must pass many a(prenominal) stages, capital must be raised to finance all areas, this includes actors fees. Which range from over line costs where only a percentage of final event are handed over. This is popular with actors such as Ewan McGregor who likes to work on low budget films. Whereas other actors may demand underline costs which is a fixed fee, not variable with the success of the film. This can be very expensive, e.g. a world-class star such as Bruce Willis may come to $20 one million million from a film. These costs may be lowered with using lower class actors. After Actors there are many other invalidating costs, which a filmmaker must tackle, this includes production expenses, which make up 60% of costs. Other costs also include promotion where an average movie goes into 20,25,30 million dollars- as quoted by Bernard Weinraub from the New York Times. Some films such as Titanic can run up costs of over $200 million depending on the extent of sets etc. Yet it is not the filmmaker who had to cough up this money, actually it was two separate film companies, Paramount and 20th Century Fox, who salaried for all production costs, in the film Titanic. Smaller filmmakers may find help from the lottery, who have set up 3 mini-studios, which part finance films such as Four Weddings and a funeral set up by DNA Films Ltd. Other film financers include, banks, wealthy individuals or investment companies, yet to gain funding ideas must be original and almost secured success, all ideas are presented in the form of a treatment. Once the investor agrees it bequeath then demand a return from profits of sales. Commissioning which is explained above fits into one of three categories when producing a film, this is pre-production, and involves other components such as casting and designing, yet before this can be achieved the film writer has to plan every element. Planning is very important in securing a films success, it include s intend where shoots are to take place the finances which will be spent etc. Once an idea is produced in he form of a book, script etc, it then goes on a journey of evolving. When planning a film the writer comes up with locations for shoots and the actors who will play in the shoots, apart from these are the other staff, which will be needed, such as paper artists.

Interview Essay - Larry Clayville -- Interview Essays

Interview shew - Larry ClayvilleLarry Clayville was born in Ustick, Idaho, on June 11, 1917. Larry explained that in that respect was once a post side in Ustick, but there is secret code there now. That is how far out in the woods I was. Larry is a very down to earth composition who has seen a lot of flavour. He has acquire the newspaper every day of his life. He is a Father, a Grandfather, and seems to be a friend to many. Larry came to California for move in 1946. He is a prisoner of war survivor, and is a member of the Lodge, and has many friends there. He is similarly currently involved in a relationship.Larrys definition of pleasure is, Having plenty to eat, having a warm fall out to sleep, and having friends and family. Thats enough to make me joyful.Larry explained that when he was young, happiness was getting enough to eat. He said, That was the worst part of the depression, when you thought approximately it, there were a lot of empty-bellied people. Other than that, his definition of happiness has not changed a lot over the years.How does Larry know when he is happy? When you just have that good doddery happy feeling. He defines that as, When everything just goes good. You get up in the morning and every thing goes right. You are not mad at any body. Its a good feeling.When Larry is unhappy, he talks to whoever is close. However, he admits that he keeps most of it to himself.Simple things contribute to Larrys happiness. Just the bare necessities of life keep me happy. The activity that keeps Larry happy is Living. He explains, I am happy that I am alive when I wake up in the morning. Oh hey, if I am alive one more day, I have a chance.About the only thing that makes Larry unhappy any more is illness. Theres nothing that forget ta... ...u dont like, but hey, if you dislike things enough, you exit do something about them. When asked if he is pleased with his current interpersonal relationships, Larry said, Yes.Larry also had some thoug hts on religion. I know that there is a higher power, and I rely in that. I came from a religious family, and I rebelled against that. But, I do believe there is something there, a unconditional Being or something like that.Larry also gave a piece of advice for achieving happiness. If you treat people nice, they will treat you nice. Generally speaking. That is the way I have lived, moderately of a golden rule.I come back that Larry is an intelligent and understanding person, and I can tell that he is well loved by his family and friends. What I wonder most is that he is a survivor, and will not let himself get down over the fact that life is not always fair. Interview Essay - Larry Clayville -- Interview EssaysInterview Essay - Larry ClayvilleLarry Clayville was born in Ustick, Idaho, on June 11, 1917. Larry explained that there was once a post office in Ustick, but there is nothing there now. That is how far out in the woods I was. Larry is a very down to earth man who has seen a lot of life. He has read the newspaper every day of his life. He is a Father, a Grandfather, and seems to be a friend to many. Larry came to California for work in 1946. He is a POW survivor, and is a member of the Lodge, and has many friends there. He is also currently involved in a relationship.Larrys definition of happiness is, Having plenty to eat, having a warm place to sleep, and having friends and family. Thats enough to make me happy.Larry explained that when he was young, happiness was getting enough to eat. He said, That was the worst part of the depression, when you thought about it, there were a lot of hungry people. Other than that, his definition of happiness has not changed a lot over the years.How does Larry know when he is happy? When you just have that good old happy feeling. He defines that as, When everything just goes good. You get up in the morning and every thing goes right. You are not mad at any body. Its a good feeling.When Larry is unha ppy, he talks to whoever is close. However, he admits that he keeps most of it to himself.Simple things contribute to Larrys happiness. Just the bare necessities of life keep me happy. The activity that keeps Larry happy is Living. He explains, I am happy that I am alive when I wake up in the morning. Oh hey, if I am alive one more day, I have a chance.About the only thing that makes Larry unhappy any more is illness. Theres nothing that will ta... ...u dont like, but hey, if you dislike things enough, you will do something about them. When asked if he is pleased with his current interpersonal relationships, Larry said, Yes.Larry also had some thoughts on religion. I know that there is a higher power, and I believe in that. I came from a religious family, and I rebelled against that. But, I do believe there is something there, a Supreme Being or something like that.Larry also gave a piece of advice for achieving happiness. If you treat people nice, they will treat you nice. General ly speaking. That is the way I have lived, somewhat of a golden rule.I think that Larry is an intelligent and understanding person, and I can tell that he is well loved by his family and friends. What I admire most is that he is a survivor, and will not let himself get down over the fact that life is not always fair.

Greek And Roman Arches :: History, Art, Architecture

Greek and papistic Arches and ArchitectureArchitectural designs changed greatly since the quaint times. Most famous architectures and sculptures today originated from the Greek and Roman civilizations. Moreover, some of the inventions from those civilizations are in like manner being used today, such as the arch, which originated from Roman architecture, and the columns, which originated from the Greek architecture. end-to-end history, these architectures and inventions have become the foundations for our buildings, churches, and much more.The Greek architecture used mainly columns in most of their temples. The shape of the column was the most significant architectural factor. in that respect were three types of columns, which were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. On these columns would lay a magnificent centerpiece, which displayed Greek gods or any sort of decorations. On the other hand, the Romans architecture used mainly arches, which could clinch much more pressure than a co lumn. Romans also used columns in their buildings, but only in a decorative form. Arches were made of stones or bricks and laid on top of each other in a way that it can form an arch and hold weight upon itself. In most Roman architectures, such as the Colosseum, there would be a dome over the top to protect from rain, sun, or any other weather. The dome has a grand weight, so there has to be something to support it up, and this is where the job of the arch takes place. In these Greek and Roman buildings or temples, there would be sculptures of famous gods and warriors. The Greek sculptures were also different than the Romans.

Greek And Roman Arches :: History, Art, Architecture

Greek and Roman Arches and ArchitectureArchitectural designs changed greatly since the ancient times. near famous architectures and sculptures today originated from the Greek and Roman civilizations. Moreover, some of the inventions from those civilizations are also being used today, much(prenominal) as the arch, which originated from Roman architecture, and the columns, which originated from the Greek architecture. Throughout history, these architectures and inventions consecrate become the foundations for our buildings, churches, and a good deal more.The Greek architecture used mainly columns in most of their temples. The shape of the column was the most significant architectural factor. There were deuce-ace types of columns, which were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. On these columns would lay a magnificent centerpiece, which displayed Greek gods or any sort of decorations. On the other hand, the Romans architecture used mainly arches, which could hold much more pressure than a column. Romans also used columns in their buildings, but only in a decorative form. Arches were made of stones or bricks and placed on top of each other in a way that it can form an arch and hold weight upon itself. In most Roman architectures, such as the Colosseum, there would be a dome over the top to protect from rain, sun, or any other weather. The dome has a massive weight, so there has to be something to support it up, and this is where the job of the arch takes place. In these Greek and Roman buildings or temples, there would be sculptures of famous gods and warriors. The Greek sculptures were also antithetical than the Romans.

Riordan Manufacturing Company: Review and Analysis

Riordan Manufacturing Company Review and Analysis Jennah Es-Sudan, Monica Malcom, Annie Willis and Yeong Yoo University Of Phoenix BUS/430 December 1, 2009 Riordan Manufacturing Company Review and Analysis The pore of this paper is to analysis the regulatory measures of Riordan Manufacturing. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is an industry leader in the field of p pull roundic injection molding. With state-of-the art design capabilities, creating innovative fictile designs that have get inter raceal acclaim. Attention to detail, extreme precision and enthusiastic quality control be the hallmarks of Riordan Manufacturing.With facilities in San Jose, California, Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan and Hangzhou, mainland mainland china, Riordan has the capacity to fulfill unique needs. Riordan Manufacturing is wholly own by Riordan Industries, a Fortune atomic number 60 enterprise. The company decided to closed their whole works in Michigan and open it in chinaware. Opening this busin ess in another country has advantages. Our team will also discuss unfair import laws, Foreign infect Practices Act of 1977, Patents, trademarks, and intellectual property, and environmental regulation and how they mend to doing business in China. Unfair Import LawsThe government has assertively imposed our anti-dumping laws to fight unfair Chinese trade. alleged Commerce Secretary Carlos M. Gutierrez. Chinas economy has developed to the point that we potbelly add another trade remedy tool, such as the countervailing duty law. The China of today is not the China of historic period ago. Just as China has evolved, so has the range of our tools to make sure Americans be treated fairly. By acting on the petition filed last October, the United States today is signifying its continued pledge to leveling the playing field for American manufacturers, workers and farmers. Foreign Corrupt Practice Act (FCPA of 1977) Congress enacted the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA or the Act) in 1977 in re military action to the Watergate scandal. Widespread media coverage of unreported crusade assistance and potentially unlawful payments to strange officials boost the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to begin an investigation. The SECs investigation eventually exposed that more than 400 U. S. companies had paid bribes to foreign governments and politicians, totaling more than $300 million.An FCPA violation requires that action be taken with a corrupt intent. Corrupt means an evil motive of purpose, and intent to wrongfully influence the recipient of the payment or head to misuse his official position or to influence some maven else to do so. The act does not require the corrupt act to be a conquest it just means that an attempt was made to influence an alien bureaucrat. China has made great efforts to combat essentials of briberythrough endorsement and enforcement of strict anti-bribery laws and penaltiesit allay remains a cause of concern in the China business market.For example, in 2005, 11,071 members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) were disqualified from the party as reprimanded for dishonesty. In addition, Chinese magistrates dealt with 120,000 cases of misappropriation, corruptness, and negligence of duty over the past five years. Given the size and magnitude of Chinas market, these issues also cause alarm for U. S. companies doing business in China. Chinese and other overseas companies may make unlawful expenses in China with restricted risks, U. S. ompanies doing business in China may feel marketable nervous strain to disobey the Act to avoid finding themselves at a aggressive difficulty to companies that are not subject to the same laws or similar enforcement. For this reason, U. S. companies in operation(p) in China need a solid FCPA compliance program to avoid action for FCPA violations and to avoid becoming knotted in Chinas domesticated corruption and bribery laws. Patents, Trademarks, and Intellectual Property Comp anies try to capture the markets by issuing licensing permits for intellectual properties to increase profits for their business.These intellectual properties included patents and trademarks. Unfortunately, nations are still struggle to adopt a consistent international legal system that governs the intellectual property. They often have restrictions which includes geographical/and field use limitations and customer restriction. The Paris assembly is a guarantee that in each signatory country, foreign trademark and patent application from other signatory countries will receive the same treatment. tally to United States Patent and Trademark Offices (2009) a patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor.There were problems and drawbacks with this particular agreement so in 1970 the patent cooperation Treaty was adopted. This particular agreement addresses the centralized utility patent application process (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2009). A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others United States Patent and Trademark (2009). Riordan Manufacturing makes plastic products in the United States and decided to move the plant that makes Pontiac products to China.This was a way to produce goods cheaper than in the United States and enter the market international. When making this move into the international market Riordan Manufacturing has trademarks on their plastic bottles and other plastic products that the Paris Convention would cover. purlieual Regulations Environmental regulations are guidelines that are in place to govern how matters that effect human life and environment enshroud. WTO rules a nation can require foreign producers to comply with environmental standards that are required by domestic firms (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2009).Riordan Manufacturing had to make sure that w hen moving their company from Michigan to China that the environmental regulations are followed. China has been working with great determination in recent years to develop, implement, and enforce a solid environmental law framework. Chinese officials face critical challenges in effectively implementing the laws, clarifying the roles of their national and provincial governments, and strengthening the operation of their legal system EPA- China Environmental Initiative (2009).Having a manufacturing company Riordan had to make sure that the plant that was being built was welcome in China and it adhered to the regulation guidelines. Riordan also had to follow the pollution regulation and the aptitude regulation. Production of their products was welcome and they learned the environmental regulation to take their business to China. Political Risks of Operating a MFG Company in China China has been one of desirable areas that any international companies would want to expand their business to.Its evolving economy, huge manufacturing base, enormous supply of natural resources are dangerously attractive, yet the expansion to this underdeveloped country comes with risks. The political risks in China Riordan Company should consider is that China is increasingly pressuring foreign investors to transfer technology to local producers, which could erode the patent protections and conflict of investors. Next fact that Riordan should consider is that as they focus on shifting growth from exports to domestic consumption, Chinas leaders may withdraw impose benefits for foreign investors.Infrastructure bottlenecks and strong upward pressures on government-controlled electricity and fuel prices also create considerable uncertainty around manufacturing efficiency and operating expenses. Our sign decision to locate our China operations in Hangzhou was driven largely by the fact that our Chinese partners already had facilities there that should be able to handle all regulations an d political surroundings. As a join venture partner, Riordan Company should understand sporadic fuel shortages and worsening urban gridlock inject ambiguity into forecasts for domestic auto demand growth.In short, low-cost manufacturing and vast potential domestic demand is offset by uncertainty in regulatory and infrastructure capacity. This makes China a potentially higher-risk, higher-reward enthronization destination. Riordan Company executive management also should outline framework for understanding how local political and market dynamics equal foreign ventures. China holds tremendous promise as a manufacturing centre and market, but management should remember are social, regulatory and energy issues around the coterminous curve in the road.Political-risk analysis should have been processed to contemplate not just broad, easily observable trends but also the nuances of society and the quirks of personality that can affect a ventures success. For Riordan Company to be succes sful in join venture in Hangzhou China Riordan must obtain professionally prepared political risk analysis giving current assessments and forecasts of future stability. They can also seek consulting firms, insurance industry reports, reports of U. S. government agencies, and informal discussions with undergo international bankers nd shipping company representatives. Outline of the Possibilities for Foreign Investment and Securities A company that operates in a foreign country has to comply with the laws of that country. As a rule international business causes great pressures for U. S. business managers. A projected high profit margin weighs little if local law prevents repatriation of profits to the foreign investors home jurisdiction. Riordan Manufacturing made the decision to expand internationally for the following reasons. China attempts to encourage investments from foreign residents.The following are among the reasons that foreign investors are attracted to China Extremely l ow labor costs. A tremendous buyers market in China itself with a population of 1. 3 billion. An expectation of a strident increase in the buying power of Chinese residents, a fact that is influenced by the annual GDP of over 8% per annum and the low rates of inflation. In recent years, Chinese laws concerning foreign investments have been significantly eased. The total FDI in China for 2006 totaled 63 billion dollars. ConclusionFrom the beginning of the nineties and oddly from 2001, when China joined the WTO, until the present, the attitude to foreign investment in China has changed, among other matters, foreign investors are permitted to form companies that are 100% owned by foreign capital. Sales to the local market are permitted and foreign investment is also allowed in sectors other than industry and hi-tech, such as banking, insurance, financial services, etc. As a result of joining the WTO, China is expected to standardize specific benefits that were previously granted only to overseas investors or only to Chinese companies.As a general rule, industries in China that are open to foreign investments are divided into 3 categories, an encouraged investment, a restricted investment and a prohibited investment. Foreign investors cannot invest in projects that are connected with the military and defense industries in China. There are also restrictions on 100% control of foreign investors over transport, the automobile industry and power stations. Benefits that China grants to foreign investors are not given in the form of grants. Most benefits are in the form of a tax benefit, including value added tax, customs and income tax benefits in putting the mphasis on an investment in a Special frugal Zone (SEZ) or in special sectors and areas. The benefits granted are as previously approved according to the nature of the foreign investment. There are 5 SEZs in China in the south of the country, the main tax benefits are corporate tax of 15%. A benefit of 2 + 3 years which means an exemption from tax for the first two years and tax at the rate of 12. 5% for the next three years. Pudong Zone (Shanghai) In the Pudong partition there are 5 development zones specializing in hi-tech, financial services, agriculture and more.The benefits are similar to those granted to investors in an SEZ. References Schaffer, R. , Agusti, F. ,& Earle, B. (2009, 2005). International Business Law and Its Environment (7th Ed. ). Mason, Ohio South-Western, Cengage Learning. World Wide- Tax& Finance (2009). China Foreign Investment Incentives. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from www. worlwide-tax. com/china/chi_invest. asp United States Patent and Trademark Office 2009. Definitions. Retrieved on November 30, 2009 from www. uspto. gov/ EPA- China Environment Law Initiative November 2009. Retrieved on November 30, 2009 from www. epa. gov/ogc/china/initiative_home. htm

Comparing “Dolor” and “A Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God” Essay

Comparing Dolor and A Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God Happiness in brio is seen through the puny things we do and the small stuffs we usually took for granted like the little flower blossoming at the edge of a supple road, the pancake that our m different have lovingly cooked, and the sparingly blue sky in the morning. It is like a fire that keeps on burning with passion. Sadness, on the other hand, is the exact opposite. It is the feeling of desolation, of tragedy, and antagonism of life, quite like the stinging sensation we feel when holding a pure crystalline ice.This is how we could describe the stiff demarcation of the poems A Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God and Dolor. They are two distinct poetical pieces, discoverstanding in their own accord, which shows a stark difference. Nancy Willards A Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God, took praise upon the thought that while many people doubt the worldly concern of a God, a small hardwa re store could be the simple answer to such a difficult query. It has a light and jovial supposition that sets that audiences atmosphere into one that reflects simple pleasures.Even at the start of the poem, with its line I praise the brightness of hammers pointing east it emphasizes on how little things could mean happiness and contentment. Theodore Roethkes Dolor, on the other hand, signifies a state of loss and misery. Reading the poem, we will have this feeling of anxiety and loneliness that is nerve-racking to shroud us. The poem, in general, tackles the monotony of life and how as one copes with a routine schedule, he begins to be trapped, or rather, caged in a place where e real bit of life is banished.Dolor made use of the free verse form. It is apparent by its free forming lines, not confined by rhythmical patterns or carefully numbered syllabication. Playing around the numbers between 10 and 16, the syll adapteds of every line varied, indeed showing its concept idea with much liberty. This is quite in contrast to A Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God which, though not that perceptible, follows a somewhat more outlined form. spy the first stanza, we would visibly notice the smooth pattern of 11-10-11-10-10.This is disturbed, however, by the following stanza, going out of the way with its 13-12-11-9-10 syllable count. The second stanza may have seemed to rule out of the poem, but the succeeding stanza retained a form near to its first, having syllable counts of 11-8-11-9-12-11, including the last line. These difference in poetic style used have prone a wider gap between the two poems. Both are trying to convey a deep feeling within them yet they strike in very opposing manners.The angst that Dolor communicates commodiously differs from the glee that A Hardware Store as Proof of Existence of God share. Reading between the lines, we would be able to comprehend better the more intimate idea that the two poems try to share. Dolor, written by Theodore Roethke, is gloomy and describes a setting depicted to be a workplace or an institution that demands a custom schedule thus forging an empty and tedious life. However, if we would analyze deeper, we would understand that Roethke is trying to impart the life he had spent in Halcyon Sanitarium after he had a mental breakdown.On the other, Nancy Willard, a writer whose fondness for children have touched her writing, wrote with a simplistic approach with plain words that aims straight for the heart. By doing so, she have shared directly that God, through a hardware store, have given us the delight of knowing that every bit of sadness and missing things in our life could be repaired and patched, and that there would always be a skilful future ahead of us. By and large, Willards Hardware Store as Proof of the Existence of God and Roethkes Dolor are two poems of vast contrast.Every little detail each poem shows further support how much they differ. But even though the two are stiffly contrasting, two have shown great passion and emotion from their respective writers. Works Cited Willard, N. (1989). Water Walker. NewYork Knopf Windle, R. (1994). The Poetry of Business Life An Anthology. United States Berrett Koehler Robson, W. W. (1984). The Definition of Literature and new(prenominal) Essays And Other Essays. New York Cambridge University Press

Leadership and governance Essay

Executive SummaryThe following turn up will analyse 2 important elements in e real makeup, leaders and governance, the fundamental interaction between them and how they invite in organisations give awaycomes. This paper will cite dissimilar journals and studies to support the ideas referents to this topic. Firstly this essay will discuss on lead to understand why this culture of influence and motivation has run so important for nowadays organisations and explain the utilisation of the modern leader, among all the perspectives and theories aroused about this subject. The second point is about governance the term organisational governance is defined and evaluated to find out how governance enhances the management in organisation. Also is discussed what is the conductors role in the governance scheme in order to expose the difference between leaders and managers.Look to a greater extent interrogation problem definition essayThey argon different but complementary, while leaders have a compromise with the vision on the long term, manager focuses on how to achieve the vision strategically. Further much the next logic step is to evaluate the relationship between these elements analysed previously. leading fuck affect positively and negatively the governance outcomes, basically if there is no self-control or lack of ethic among leaders even the best governance scheme would collapse. On the some otherwise hand collective lead will have a beneficial effect in the board of directors exertion.The last point assesses how the leadership development and effective followership screwing affect the organisations outcome, being the relationship between leader and follower the most important key for leadership effectiveness and because a more effective organisation. It is defecate that leadership play an important role in organisation path to succeed in this modern valet de chambre where constant converts and uncertainty require more competitive and adaptable organisations. IntroductionNowadays, organisations are exposed to global uncertainty and they have to adapt rapidly and become more effective in order to cash in ones chips in this competitive world. Major organisations invest millions in human capital and technology with the explicit purpose of increase their organisations effectiveness. Organisational effectiveness is a broad concept represented by several perspectives, organisations are effective when they have a favourable fit with their impertinent environment, when their internal subsystem are efficient and effective, when they are learning organisations and when they satisfy the need of key s stateholders (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione 2010). on that point are many a nonher(prenominal) studies and theories about leaderships, due to its importance for organizations success. check with Rodsutti and Swierczek (2002, p. 250) different dimensions of organisational effectiveness including return on asset, most admired, job satis detailion and personal satisfaction are related to specific aspects of leader characteristics, organisational culture and multicultural management style.This is the main reason why leadership has become the base of modern organisations success. In order to understand the leaders role in effective governance in organisations, it is necessary define leadership and governance separately and then analyse the correlation between then, this will help us to understand why leader and managers are different but complementary, they should reinforce and support each other, however this is not always the case (Lussier & Achua 2010). Organisations performance is metrical constantly in order to value if the outcome satisfy the stakeholders aspirations, thus the influence of leaders over the governance outcomes need to be evaluated.The organisation outcomes it is in any case affected by effective fellowship as a result of a leadership development. Leadership behaviours are perceived as t rustworthy through the observers mediating lens, trust increases and leaders are more likely to be viewed as ethical stewards who honour a higher level of duties (Caldwell, convert & Long 2010).Organisational leadershipEverybody somehow have the idea of the leadership intend that probably belongs to yesteryear image of command and- control boss. The concept of leader is no longer the person that is seen as the companys hero. Leaders exist throughout the organisation, not just in the executive suite. The first studies about leadership was published in 1904, the main researches in this field occurred while the First World War, it first interest was investigate the leadership characteristics and the mechanism of how the employees obtained promotions. A hug drug ago fifty-four leadership expert from thirty eight countries reached consensus that leadership is about influencing, motivating and enabling others to contribute to the effectiveness and success of the organisation of which they are members (McShane Olekalns & Travaglione 2010). Even today there is still considerable debate about the exact role and definition of a leader.Most parties agree that one of the primary election functions of a leader should be to set a path towards a goal and then inspire and motivate others to follow (Prewitt 2003). Furthermore (Lussier & Achua 2010) brought a more simplified and brief concept defining leadership as the process of influencing leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change. There are many studies and theories about leadership and different perspectives of this concept, the most relevant of those perspectives in the last 20 years are charismatic and transformational leadership. Transformational leadership perspective explains how leaders change teams or organisations by creating, communicating and modelling a vision for the organisation or conk unit and inspiring employees to strive that vision (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 201 0).The charismatic and transformational leader, harmonise to many scholars and practitioners, represents a new paradigm of leadership that may be capable of steering organisations trough the chaos of the twenty first century (Lussier & Achua 2010). There is some confusion and controversy to define the distinction between charismatic and transformational leader. Many researchers either use the words as they would have same meaning or view charismatic leadership as an essential ingredient of transformational leadership. However there are managers that may lack of charisma but they can lead by applying transformational leadership behaviours, for example Alan Lafey, CEO of Proctor and Gamble or Sam Palmisano CEO of IBM. The point is that effective transformational leaders are not necessary charismatic (McShane Olekalns & Travaglione 2010).Leaders are particularly effective if they engage in transformational leadership behaviours, such as articulating a captivating vision for the future , acting as charismatic role models, fostering the acceptance of common goals, setting high performance expectations, and providing individualized support and intellectual stimulation for followers (Menges et al. 2011). In the last years has been agreed that leadership it is not about rely in only a person as a leader, leadership can be considered as a collective practice, leaderful leaders develop sufficient trust in others to make leadership a shared and yet very powerful tool for action and responsibility (Raelin 2005).Understanding organisational governanceThere is not a specific definition for the term organisational governance, however as a first approximation, organizational governance refers to the instruments of governance that organizations deploy to influence organization members and other stakeholders to contribute to organizational goals (Foss & Klein 2007). This idea clearly is consistent with other more frequently used terms as corporative governance, organizational control and governance structures and mechanisms. Similar definition we found about strategic management.strategic management is the set of decision and actions used to formulate and implement specific strategies that will achieve a competitively superordinate fit between the organisation and its environment, so as to achieve organisational goals (Lussier & Achua 2010). According with acres Australia (2009) governance may be described as the process by which agencies are directed and controlled. It is by and large understood to encompass authority, accountability, stewardship, leadership, direction and control. Top management plays an important role in firms achieving an orientation to feeling creating values and establishing objectives and systems to satisfy customers expectations and improve performance in the organisation (Albacete-Sez, Fuentes & Bojica 2011).Furthermore the aim of governance is not only improve the organisations performance but also achieve the stakeholders economic and complaisant satisfaction. A firm that manages for stakeholders allocates more resources to satisfy the needs and demands of its legitimate stakeholders than would be necessary to simply retain their wilful participation in the firms robust activities (Harrison, Bosse & Phillips 2010).Theories of governance for many years had been based on assumptions about the leader as an agent who might act with opportunism to take advantage of superior information or self-serving personal interests however latest studies have demonstrated that corporate governance imposes on businesses and their leaders an instrumental duty to maximize long-term wealth creation to benefit all of the stakeholders served by the firm (Caldwell, Hayes & Long 2010). In the last few years due to scandals and monetary crisis, board of director has gain especial interest in corporate governance debate.The corporate governance rely on the board of directors capabilities to conduce the companies and take th e best decision for their stakeholders benefit. However organisations not only need managers they need leaders as well, and governance have to provide the conditions to promote both in their schemes as per Zaleznik (2004, p.74) suggest organizations need both managers and leaders to succeed, but developing both requires a reduced focus on logic and strategic exercises in favour of an environment where creativity and imagination are permitted to flourish.Leaders and governanceManager and leaders play different role in organisations, their personalities and attitudes towards goals are different as Zaleznik (2004, p.74) stated managers embrace process, seek stability and control, and instinctively try to resolve problems quickly-sometimes before they fully understand a problems significance. Leaders, in contrast, tolerate chaos and lack of structure and are willing to delay closure in order to understand the issues more fully. In previous studies on governance, board scholars have main ly limited themselves to a strict input-output approach in their studies, directly linking board demographic indicators (e.g., board size, age of directors, number of self-employed person directors, etc.) to board and firm performance (Vandewaerde et al. 2011).Lately scholars focus is about leadership, examination of leadership processes and behaviours inside the board team.As stated before leadership can be considered as a collective practice, this is applicable for tams or board of director where every member has different capabilities and knowledge leadership influence based on knowledge and expertise in the team network will have a beneficial effect on the boards problem-solving capabilities and, therefore, board parturiency performance (Vandewaerde et al. 2011). Painter (2008, p.523) also supports this idea stating that the capacity to take responsibility when and where needed should be nurtured throughout the organizational system and among all of its members, despite the b eing of a formal organizational hierarchy and various specialized functional units. In this context, governance provides support rather than limits to develop a better organisation. The fact that different people can play a leadership role does not mean that no structure is required for leadership to be exercised (Painter 2008).Leaders can fail, sometimes because of the rush to make decisions they relied too much in the intuition, or due to ethical or moral lapses in judgment. The ultimate goal of the strategic leader should be to build sustainable integrity programs into the strategic management framework that encourage positive self-regulation of ethical behaviour as a matter of routine within the organisation (Lussier & Achua 2010). Without ethic and integrity among the leaders, governance would be ineffective under this scenario. The key in successful governance relies in the role that leadership play in the organisations. As Lussier and Achua (2010 p.418) point out strategic le adership ensure that strategic management process is successfully carried out and yields the desired result for the organisations.Effective followership and organisation outcomesAs defined previously, leadership is about influencing, motivating and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organisation (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 2010). When leadership in organisations is affected there is an immediate reaction in employees performance. For instance in some cases of merging there is a transition stage where employees wooly-minded the direction and leadership is replaced for uncertainty. When members of the community feel abandoned, trust in the organization and its new leader or leaders becomes an issue. During the change process, if the view of the organization becomes less(prenominal) positive,association with it may become less appealing (Curry, 2002). The major influential factors related to job performance can be found in the aspects of so cial and organizational cultural contexts, but leadership is one of the most critical factors affecting individual job performance. (Baek-Kyoo, 2012). Leadership create an environment where subordinates are more satisfied and have higher effective organisational commitment. They also perform their jobs better, engage in more organisational citizenship behaviours and make better or more creative decision. (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione 2010).As stated leadership is one of the most important elements of organisation effectiveness. However to develop a culture of leadership in an organisation is not loose task. Effective leadership requires effective followership, because without followers there are no leaders. (Lussier & Achua 2010). In the way to success organisations need good followers to support and influence positively their leaders. In order to develop effective leadership in organisations there has to be a harmonic relationship between the leader and follower, this interacti on is essential to reach organisational success. Regardless the structure or governance applies in organisations, the commitment between leaders and followers have to be clear and certain in both sides.As Derue and Ashford (p.643, 2010) suggest, whether that leadership-structure schema is hierarchical or shared its strength as a norm should facilitate reciprocal claiming and granting and allow for the rapid development of well-defined leader-follower relationships. These norms are the rules game that will make leadership flourish easily among employees, otherwise the organisation effectiveness could be compromised, organizations without such norms organisations qualifying through significant changes might experience greater conflict over leadership and within leader-follower relationships (Kan & Parry 2004), which, in turn, may distract from effective work performance (Derue & Ashford 2010).ConclusionTodays work environment is characterized for uncertainty, volatility and global c ompetition organisations have to change constantly in order tosurvive and success. Thus nowadays organisations not only need managers, they need leaders as well. As explained leadership and governance in organisations are important for organisations success, leaders and managers have different roles but they are complementary. Basically the difference between leaders and manager is defined by their behaviour toward organisations goal, while leaders focus is on their organisation vision in the long term managers are looking how to accomplish firms goals in the short term.It is clear the governance outcomes will define the success or failure of companies, in order to have effective governance, organisations need human resource capable of create, choke and model a shared vision for the team or organisation, and inspire followers to strive that vision. Thus, governance has to provide the conditions to flourish not only good managers but leaders as well. Leadership is one of the most cr itical factors that affect job performance. It is important establish a scheme that promote followership among employees in order to develop a quality leadership culture in the organisation. To do so, leaders and followers roles have to be clearly defined and be accepted. Only if leaders and followers are committed with the organisation vision the organisation effectiveness would be enhanced generating a positive outcome for stakeholder benefit. graphemeAlbacete-Sez, C, Fuentes, M & Bojica, A 2011,Quality management, strategic priorities and performance The role of quality leadership, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 111, no. 8, pp. 1173 1193. Baek-Kyoo, J 2012, Leader-Member exchange quality and In-Role job performance The moderating role of learning, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp.2534. Caldwell, C, Hayes, L & Long, D 2010 Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 96, pp. 497512. Commonweal th of Australia 2009 fahcsia.gov.au/sa/disability/pubs/general/CorporateGovernanceHandbook/Pages/Concepts.aspx Curry, B. K. 2002, The influence of the leader persona on organizational identity Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp33, Online Expanded Academic ASAP. Derue, D & Ashford, S 2010, Who will lead

Crimson Tide film Essay

Crimson Tide postulate exhibits a theme of leaders case, is based on nuclear ballistic submarine narrate aimed to hit against Russia. The bam is aimed to silence threat of launching nuclear missiles which Russia is in possession. The combative achievement is in a problem since the army structure is loose due to dispute between executive officer and the captain over the job of march to be taken by the crew. This results to splitting of the crew in this mission hence formation of two confrontational factions for same combative mission.The warship is in problem as the rival group tries to take control of command. The office turns desperate and speedy resolution in to this problem is requiring since the time is running up to launching moment. Success in this situation largely depends on the decision made since it has to be resolved in case of winning or breast the disastrous consequences due to wrong decision (Kempley 1995). Crimson tide use up exhibit the strength as well as we ak point of the amenable leader in this film i. e. the captain and Executive officer.Different strategies and advices by the two leaders pitch toward course of action to be taken results to potency conflict. In this situation leadership is required to guide the crew who are expected to follow the directives. But the situation changes due to the internal conflict affecting the crew to lose track of the event at tump over since leaders hold diverse understanding of the mission as well as the organization. This film shows element of racial undertone in the leadership theme since captain and Executive Office are white and black respectively.On the other hand this film is designed to show sober mediation in the military setting other than an action thriller (Kempley 1995). This film is set on Archbury Airfield tries to smash how people characters as well as effectiveness is affected by different leadership approaches. Based on American 918th Bomber Group the film show the fighting crew enduring from low morale, poor performance and bad luck as a result of unsuccessful fighting mission.This situation changes after the change of leadership which is dedicated and persistent toward improving crews morale through motivation and uplifting of crew towards actualization and pride. In this film different characters exhibits exemplary leadership as well as poor leadership trait (Maslin 2008). There are two characters in this impression designed to send theme battle and leadership based on different philosophies to ease tense military thriller. These leaders are Captain inconsiderate Ramsey in charge of nuclear submarine, the U. S. S. aluminium.He is respected person almost getting to his retirement age and led his crew with an iron hand. As he puts it he requires the crew to pressure democracy even without practicing it. Ramsey is assigned a new second-in-command, Lt. Cmmdr. Ron huntsman (Denzel Washington) Hunter is much younger than Ramsey, Harvard educated, and believes the goal of the military in the nuclear age is to prevent war, not fight it (Maslin 2008 para 2). Ramsey career moving to an end when atomic era is rising while Hunter highly educated and very careful in handling of nuclear weapons.Crew in the ship becomes alert due to sprinter group of Russia decides to seize missile silo. The Alabama is allowed to fire only the situation at hand is distracted from taking of action due to receiving new external order the radio malfunctions. The leadership of Ramsey is geared to following the orders to the letter such that an order is an order and should be obeyed. Therefore the situation at hand required the crew to move forward and attack the enemy according to Ramsey leadership ideology.According to Hunter the situation required more scrutinizing of the situation to ensure there is no doubt in the course of action taken as well as waiting for conformation orders. Meaning he gave an allowance to analyze orders as opposed to Ramsey ideolo gy who says that an order is an order and calls for action without a second of thought. There emerge differences between the two leaders where Hunter go to an extent of threatening Mutiny against his accessory Ramsey in case a missile strike is undertaken against the enemies.The two leaders become hostile toward each other on the direction to be taken. This is perspicuous as shown from the eyebrow but the leaders are obliged to deliberate on the morality of the attacking Russia. The situation hot up and Alabama is effrontery orders to fire its trident to the radicals and try to engage them. On the cause of fight between the rebels, second message is received delaying the order to fire at the enemy but this ends with loss of contact as well as command control.This results to Ramsey refusal to hold his fire waiting for second message confirmation but this time Hunter does not agree. This results to increase tension between the sailors as well as the officers on the board due to dif ference of there leaders had hyped and could result to a mutiny (Maslin 2008). Reference Maslin, Janet (2008) Crimson Tide (1995). http//movies. nytimes. com/movie/134690/Crimson-Tide/overview Kempley, Rita (1995) Crimson Tide. Retrieved on 14th October 2008 from http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/crimsontiderkempley_c015cb. htm

Celanese Case Analysis Essay

1. Describe the approach to IT service improvement taken at Celanese.IT initiatives at Celanese were implemented based on their cost-cutting potential. With the recent turndown in the economy only projects that clearly supported the companys strategic delegacy and convincingly demonstrated a 1-year payback would be approved. Celanese also had a very decentralized approach to IT overall with individually department in each country running their own systems and implementing projects often without communicating. This led to not pursuing IT service improvement in a top-down, process-centric manner, so people like the spheric IT Operations Manager bootstrapped and implemented unique albeit ITIL-informed solutions that addressed Celanese-specific problems.2. Describe some of the factors that made Celanese ITs movement towards ITIL difficult. There was a lack of commitment by senior leadership to focus on IT and when there was it leadership only focused on short term results. Over the past several days they had focused on their customers application and in 2009 they did not have the budget due to the economic downturn. The CIO was not onboard in documentation all the initiatives or was supporting them inconsistently as was quoted by the application manager on page 9. Lack of communication between ITILers, OSM, and the vendors Misconception on how long something should take vs how long it would rattling take to implement. Diffused IT structure ex. Standardizing the PCs used by the company took 5 years Culture at Celanese where centralization was the enemy3. IT operations at Celanese were untrained and poorly coordinated. Why did its CIO not support a process improvement initiative?The CIO was hampered in coordinating and centralizing by several factors. Given the pervasive belief that allthing central was evil, there was considerable resistance to reporting to a single CIO and developing a shared services IT organization. In 2001, the CIO affair was t hus limited to that of individual contributor CIO. In this environment, the transition to a standardized IT infrastructure and an integrated IT organization was not smooth. The business case for every integration initiative had to be made on a case-by-case basis.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Skype

INTRODUCTION I. 1 desktop People rely on technology for every aspects of their lives and technology gives a reduceifi croupnistert impact to packs lives. Technology is constantly changing, growing, and of course forcing the world to change as well. For people nowadays, its hard to imagine life without technology and all of its luxuries that atomic number 18 provided from it. Some technology exists and causes lives of people to change and improve. Up until now, internet is still arguably the best and roughly widely used piece of modern technology.We crapper do anything with internet, and almost every aspect of our everyday lives is relying on internet, such as work, school, social relationships, and especially, communication. As a piece being, communication is important for our lives, human come social conveys to interact with some other people, and after all, human cannot live al one. There be many ways of communicating besides opposite communication. Thanks to technology , people now can transfer in many ways, and internet really plays a big role on this aspect. With internet, we can communicate through e-mails, instant messages, chat groups, voice adjures, and even video calls. moving-picture show call has made communicating and travelling through the years a lot simpler and easier. The most widely used video chatting software is Skype. Skype is software that can make free video calls and we can physically see our family, friends and relatives via videos. Skype is not only for make video calls, but with Skype, we can also make voice calls, instant messaging, and load sharing, all free of charge. It is obvious that with the invention of Skype, people now can communicate through the distances and Skype makes us easier to communicate with each other.Until September 2011, Skype has 663 million registered users around the world. I. 2 Problem 1. What is Skype and what are its features? 2. How to operate Skype? 3. What are the advantages and disadvant ages of using Skype? I. 3 Purposes The purposes of writing this paper is to know more about Skype and its features, how to operate on this software, and to know more about the advantages and disadvantages of using Skype. II. BODY II. 1 History and Background of Skype Generally, Skype is a voice-over-Internet Protocol wait on that allows users to communicate with peers through voice, video, and instant messaging over the Internet.Phone calls may be placed to recipients on the traditional tele audio networks. Calls to other users within the Skype service are free of charge, while calls to landline telephones and vigorous phones are charged through a debit-based user report system. Skype is also general for its additional features, such as file transfer and videoconferencing. Un alike(p) most VoIP services, Skype uses hybrid peer-to-peer and clientserver system, and makes use of background processing on computers running play Skype software.Originally, Skype was to be summond Pee r-to-Peer, but it was too long so it was shortened to Skyper. However, there were some domain alludes that named Skyper as well, so eventually the r was deleted and the founders took the name Skype for the software. Skype was discovered in 2003 by Janus Friis from Denmark and Niklas Zennstrom from Sweden. The software itself was developed by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan Tallinn, who together with Janus and Niklas were also behind the peer-to-peer file sharing software Kazaa.Finally, in August 2003, the first base public beta version was released. Skype headquarters are located in Luxembourg, and most of Most of the development team and 44% of the overall employees of the division are situated in the offices of Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia. On 10 May 2011, Microsoft agreed to purchase Skypes license for $8. 5 billion. The company was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, and on 13 October 2011, the purchase was finally completed. II. 2 Skypes Features II. 2. 1 C alls between Skype and Landline or Mobile Phone Numbers a. SkypeOutSkypeOut allows Skype users to call traditional phone numbers, including mobile phones, for a fee. However, SkypeOut doesnt support calls to toll-free or premium rate numbers, and SkypeOut in other countries. SkypeOut also doesnt support calling urgency numbers such as 1-1-2 in Europe or 911 in the United States. The quality of SkypeOut service is not guaranteed, broken connections, there are drop-outs and crush distortion are frequently observed by users. Since then, Support for the above toll free numbers in Canada has been effectively removed since January 2012. b. Caller ID for outmatch CallsSkype has a feature that allows users to set the caller ID for outgoing calls to normal telephone numbers. There is a set-up verification that involves a SMS text messaging to a selected mobile phone number, then typing the verification code into a mesh form. It can only be used by owners of mobile phones, since most fix ing home and business cannot receive text messages. However, SMS messaging from Skypes system has not been working correctly in various locals, and even though Skype maintains the line of work and it has been corrected, it continues to be inoperative, recently in the United States and Canada. . Online Numbers A feature named Online Number (until 2010 named SkypeIn) allows Skype users to receive calls on their computers telephone dialed from mobiles or landlines to a Skype-provided phone number. The number need not be in the same location as the user. Skype offers numbers in Australia, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.In Russia some trine party companies, including SIP operators, provide direct numbers, redirecting calls to Skype. II. 2. 2 Subscription Calling Calls Skyp e offers several monthly subscription calling plans that it calls unlimited. However, Skype limits these subscriptions to 10,000 minutes per month, 6 hours per day, and 50 telephone numbers per day. If one of these limits is exceeded, any additional calls are billed at regular rates and connection fees. II. 2. 3 Voicemail Skype Voicemail was released on March 10, 2005.This service allows callers to leave voicemail messages for Skype users who are offline. This is presently a service that users have to pay for, though several companies, provides a Skype voicemail service for free (However, these voicemail services only work when the program and the computer is online). Skype Voicemail had experienced numerous problems over the years and users complain that they never receive any voicemails. Moreover, the Online Number feature occasionally fails to record certain incoming calls on the programs invoice page II. 2. 4 Video Calling and Screen SharingSkype 2. 0 (and later) supports vide o calling for Skype-to-Skype calls between two parties on Microsoft Windows (DirectX 9. 0 or above required), mackintosh OS X, and Linux. Skype 3. 6 and later supports high definition video on Windows. Skype 3. 0. 0 on iOs allows iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch users to call each other, as well as Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. Later on Skype 5. 0 support video calls via third party hardware. Skype can also be installed through Facebook Video Chat with Skype (a Facebook product), and screen sharing in Skype entrust be available for Skype Premium.II. 2. 5 SMS text messaging Skype users can send SMS text messages to mobile phone numbers. In the United States, China, and Taiwan, Skype uses a generic, pre-defined number as the sender ID. In other countries, the message can be set to appear coming from a verified mobile number, allowing recipients to reply, or else show the first 11 characters of the Skype username. However, as of March 2011, Skype users cannot receive SMS, despite a continu ing series of requests and complaints. II. 3 How to curb and Use Skype II. 3. 1 How to Download SkypeBefore you can register on Skype, all you need is to download the application software. Since the user used Windows OS, then the user will show you how to download Skype on Windows. What youll need before downloading Skype are 1. A computer with a broadband internet connection, you cant use dial up connections since its too slow. 2. Speakers and a microphone. Many computers will have these built in (especially laptops), and many webcams (see below) also have microphones built in. If you dont have speakers and a microphone, you can buy it separately. 3. A webcam.This is a small camera that connects to your computer through a USB port, if it isnt already built into your screen. A webcam isnt that necessary if youre not using video calls, but if you want to use this feature, then you definitely need a webcam. Step-by-Step of Downloading Skype 1. Go to the Skype. com home page. 2. Click Get Skype in the bar at the top. A list of computer platforms will appear. Click the one that matches your computer (most likely Windows). 3. You can choose by signing up for Skype Premium, which will cost you (but allows group video calls), or Skype Free.If you have decided your option, then click Download Skype. 4. A page will appear where you can either sign in (if youve registered already) or input your information to create an account. You can also register your Skype with your Facebook account if you have one. There are also a number of street corneres to fill in to create an account. a. To begin, fill in your first name and last name and your email address (and repeat it). These are all required. No one will be able to see your email address. b. Profile information.All of this will be available for anyone to see on Skype, except for your mobile number, which will be restricted to your own contacts. c. You can choose to tell Skype how you intend to use its service by clickin g one of the options in the drop-down menu. d. Skype Name Enter the name that you want your Skype friends to see and which youll use to log in to Skype. None of the 650 million users of Skype can have the same Skype name, and the system will automatically check to see if your name has been claimed by anyone else and, if it has, will suggest alternatives. e. Password Enter (and repeat) the password youd like to use.It must consist of 6 to 20 characters and contain both letters and numbers. f. If you dont want promotional emails from Skype, you can uptick the two boxes towards the bottom. g. The captcha box This is designed to make sure that you are you and not a naughty computer. Look at the text in the first box and then type it into the box below in this case, . If you cant read the text, click the Refresh button and youll be given another bit of text to copy. h. And finally, read the term of use and privacy statement and, if you have no objections, click I agree Continue. . You ll be taken to a page headed Thanks for choosing Skype. Depending on your web browser, your download should start automatically or a window should appear asking you to confirm the download. In this instance, you should click OK. 6. Your browser should have downloaded the Skype install file on to your computer to your desktop, to your Downloads folder or to wherever you have chosen to send downloaded files. Go to the relevant place and double-click the file labelled Skypesetup or exactly Skype. 7. A window will pop up asking you which language you wish to proceed in.You can also check the end user clear agreement, privacy statement and some basic options. When youre ready, click I agree next to move on. 8. A new window will open. This contains a progress bar that will fill up while the Skype program downloads and installs. Once its done, Skype will automatically start. 9. Another window opens in which you should sign in. If you already have a Skype account, enter your Skype name and password here. If not, click Create a new account. 10. Youve now reached your Skype home page, which gives you two options Find friends on Skype and Dial a number.

The Necessity Of Responsible Parenting

This is because, it is mostly true. For example, how does a person become sophisticated or fancy? How does some angiotensin converting enzyme become barbaric? How does someone become holy? Of course a sophisticated/fancy person grew up with sophisticated muckle (I. E. , Mother, Father, Relatives etc.. ) and of course a barbaric person grew up with barbaric people and holy people grew up with other holy people. Imagine how can a fancy person grew up at the squatters area given the case that their family has trouble eating three times a day?Sure, it can be possible. But the odds of it to happen is unfavorable. Getting straight to the point, one of the factors that contri thoes to the childs character reflects on how he is raised and his roundings. Now, how DOES responsible parenting help produce a triple-crown child? According to the scientific researches, children often follow their parents behavior. Which means, that imitation is a fundamental part in the growing process Of a child because it is one Of the natural ways Of learning.Therefore if youre a parent and you show him proper etiquette and good manners, the child will grow up into a well behaved individual. Another all-important(a) influence of good parenting is that it promotes the academic success of students. After leaving pre-school or kindergarten, children approach an entirely new environment, the primary school. They must change their habit of playacting whatever they want and whenever they want to an inevitable horrifying fate, which is the responsibility for studying well.At this very first stage, children integrate their studying method from the elder members in their family, comparable their mom or dad, when the child sees their mom and dad work hard because of the possibility that they mightnt brought home some of their work, then the child will try to reproduce that and may result to a better study habit, which really affects their results in the long future. All of these would exult in an excellent academic aftereffect. And the last but not the least, children would be healthier in account of their parents concern.The diet of children is mostly prepared by other family members. The way parent control various nourishing elements forms the childrens habit, which can hardly be changed. If they get familiar with a balanced diet, they may enjoy a healthy life style in the future. Besides, a good, loving and responsible parent would explain to their children the large importance of physical exercises and encourage them to do these beneficial things to stay fit and healthy for being recently will benefit them in the long run. After stating all of these, you the reader, what will you do now?

Equity History Essay

truth was used to bring up to the laws that were followed in the English judicial system which supplemented the strict rules that were used on top of the already be common laws to pass judgments. The conflicts between law and equity can be traced back to the time when England was control by kings. At the start of the 14th century, the courts of law in England could only pass sentences to true cases and ignore others that according to the system were not suitable. On top of this, law officials changed the court procedures of listening to claims.Since the profound claims were based on set restrictions, it made the judicial process unfair to the individuals who were denied justice. Remedies however, could be got when petitions were drafted for the king to suppose with the hope that he would have mercy on them. The Court of Chancery The Court of Chancery was peerless court in England and Wales that followed the Equity system. It was formed under the Lord Chancellors court-order ed power who administered cases on behalf of the King indeed, he served as the judge.During this period, the rules of equity had become more acceptable in solving cases and that is why they were incorporated in the Court of Chancery. In these courts, decisions were made following st ar decisis and since they were based on equity, they did not rely on the law doctrines. These courts however, were not trusted with most people to pass correct rulings because of its inconsistency. The courts concentrated on what the defendants had through and what they were supposed to do so as to be right with the law other than what the plaintiff capability have wanted.Therefore it was upon the courts to pass the decision that would make the defendant put matters right. Equity therefore, lightened the strict laws. The jurisdiction of the courts of equity is different from law courts because the methods used to distinguish from what is right and what is wrong are differentiated into twain such that what is used in the Courts of Law are legal and were enforced using the common laws bandage those in the Equity based courts were equitable.The Courts of Equity are based on mercy and justice therefore have helped the poor people to fight for their rights especially in certain suits where they are unable to deposit suits such that a counsel will be assigned to them by the courts and they can get certain favors such as they are exempted from paying ordinary fees. Differences in Common Law and Equity The deviance between the common law and equity ranges from the way they deal with solutions and alternatives used in solving legal matters. In Equity, there is no jury as it is the duty of the judge to decide if a somebody is guilty or not guilty.Another distinction between law and equity is that there are differences in the rules are used to pass decisions. In law, decisions made will be based upon the record legal guidelines while in equity, general guidelines are followed that will ensure that the sentence passed is fair and just. Equity therefore has no fixed rules as sentences can be passed by using doctrines that were used in prior similar cases. But as time progressed, the equity laws changed rapidly to become more set(p) hence becoming a system that was used in the English courts.

Nuremberg Trials

Where national socia heel officials judged more or less during the Nuremburg Trails that followed World war II? Twenty-four major political and military leaders of Nazi Ger umpteen, indicted for assertive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Of the twenty-four twenty- 1 were taken into custody and put on trial these were known as the Nuremberg Trials. These trials started on November 20th 1945 and were the first ever war crime tribunal. The Trials were held by the confederate forces of World War II and were held in the city of Nuremberg in Bavaria Germany out of the Palace of Justice.Accusations placed against them were for their involvework forcet in the Nazi Party during World War II. Nazi officials were judged unfairly during the Nuremburg Trails for a continent wide genocide that occurred indoors WWII and the world watched as Nazi officials got what they deserved. Lead by Adolf Hitler the Third Riech, the g overnment in Germany at the time, espouse policies of pug nacious war and persecuted minorities. Hitler started a Europe wide opinionated killing of approximately six one million million million Jews called the Holocaust. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning sacrifice by fire. USHMM). The Nazis, who came into male monarch in Germany in 1933, believed that Germans were the superior race and deemed all others inferior, mainly the Jews, and pileed them as a threat to the community. some two out of three Jews that lived in Europe at the time lost their lives collectable to the systematic killing. (USHMM). After establishing denseness camps to detain political and people of importance in opposing forces, Germanys SS and natural law officials detained Jews and other victims of ethnic and racial hatred in these camps.The idea was to concentrate and monitor the Jewish population and also to make later deportation of the Jews easier. These camps changed into labor camps and eventually assisted in the systematic killing. Germany inv aded territories and began to carry early into Hitlers reign, such as Czechoslovakia and Poland. After the victory in Poland, Germany began to make its expression into Denmark, France, and many others making concentration camps along the way to assist in the genocide. One of the nearly infamous concentration camps was known as Auschwitz, based in Poland under the command of Rudolf Hoss.Auschwitz eventually became the largest Nazi camp and had an estimated come up of over two million victims. The killing and building of concentration camps continue passim 1941 and eventually change state or were determined to be extermination camps. Germans begin experiments and other inhumane practices on prisoners which grows the tension throughout Europe. Towards the end of the war Nazi officials order liquidation of Jews in ghettos, a city locked down by German SS containing Jews, and in some camps, this meant the execution of the prisoners and officiateers. During the era of the Holocaust , German authorities also targeted other groups because of their sensed racial inferiority Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic people (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral accounts, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovahs Witnesses, and homosexuals (USHMM). During the last-place months of the war, SS guards moved camp prisoners by train or marches, often called closing marches, to try to stop and veto the Allied liberation of large numbers of prisoners.As Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Germany, they began to encounter and liberate concentration camp prisoners, as well as prisoners en way by force march from one camp to another. The marches continued until May 7, 1945, the day the German armed forces surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many of the survivors found shelter in displaced persons camps administered by th e Allied powers. Between 1948 and 1951, almost 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, including 136,000 Jewish displaced persons from Europe.Other Jewish DPs emigrated to the United States and other nations (USHMM). The twenty-two officials were being tried for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Herman Goring, the second highest ranking Nazi Official, he was the Commander of the Luftwaffe, Germanys air force. Goering was perhaps the most influential person, next to Hitler, in the Nazi organization. He was one of only 12 Nazis elected to the Reichstag in 1928. He orchestrated the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933 and, with Goebbels assistance, used the fire as a propaganda tool against the communists.In the mid-1930s Goering was in charge of the Aryanization of Jewish property (JVL). Goring was sentenced to expiration only committed suicide the night sooner his execution with a cyanide capsule. Rudolf Hess served as Hitlers deputy minister and was next in comm ercial enterprise if Goering should be unavailable for any reason. Rudolf Hess was sentenced to life imprisonment. He served over 40 years of that sentence at Spandau Prison and committed suicide in 1987 at age 93 (JVL). Hans Frank, Governor-General of the general government in Poland during World War II, was sentenced to finale. at a lower place his administration the approximately 2. 5 million Jews in the occupied territories of Poland were exploited in slave labor. Also during his administration, the extermination camps in eastern Poland were constructed implemented (JVL). Wilhelm Frick, Hitlers Minister of the Interior, was sentenced to death due to his significant determination in the formation of Nazi racial laws. He was credited with the creation of Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and 1938 laws were intend to take away rights and privileges formerly allowed to Jews.However, Julius Streicher was non-military, he was not part of the planning process of the Holocaust, nor of the invas ion of Poland or the Soviet Union. But his role in provoking the massacre of Jews was momentous enough he was sentenced to death by reprieve. Walther Funk, Hitlers Minister of Economics and was head of the Reichsbank, which funded the economic planning for the war he was sentenced to life Imprisonment. Fritz Sauckel was a general for the allocation of labor. Sauckel was involved in apply 5 million laborers that were imported and forced to work.He was charged with the solicitation of slave labor and sentenced to death by handing. Alfred Jodl was Chief of Operations for the German Army, he was charged with aggressive war for invasion of the Soviet Union and the destruction of Czechoslovakia. Martin Bormann was known to be uncivilized, ruthless, and brutal. His whereabouts were unofficial during the trials precisely he made such an impact that he was sentenced in absentia to death by hanging his reputation was based on the expulsion of millions of Jews to Poland and the exploitati on of Ukrainian women as slave labor.Going down the list we find Franz von Papen, Vice Chancellor of Germany, he supported views of Hitler only if the prosecution had serious difficulties linking Papen to conspiracy to begin an aggressive war. He was eventually one of the few that were acquitted. Joachim Von Ribbentrop had recommended and supported the deportation of Jews from France and Italy to the camps in the east and urged their extermination. Under cross-examination by the British assistant prosecutor, Ribbentrop admitted that he knew of Hitlers intention to deport all Jews from German territories and that he assisted in that process.Ribbentrop was sentenced to death by hanging (JVL). The International Military Tribunal finished its work and handed down its verdicts on October 1, 1946, ironically, on the Jewish Day of Atonement. Of the 22 defendants, 11 were given the death penalty, 3 were acquitted, 3 were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging fro m 10 to 20 years. Those sentenced to death were hanged at Spandau Prison on October 6, 1946. Those acquitted were placed in the inept de-Nazification weapons platform following the trial. Those who received prison sentences were sent to Spandau Prison.The death sentences were carried out 16 October 1946 by hanging using the standard drop method instead of long drop. The U. S. army denied claims that the drop length was too laconic which caused the condemned to die slowly from strangulation instead of quickly from a broken neck. But evidence clay that some of the condemned men died agonizingly slowly taking from between 14 minutes to choke to death to as longs as struggling for 28 minutes. The executioner was John C. Woods. The executions took place in the gymnasium of the appeal building which was demolished in 1983. In his closing remarks Robert Jackson, said The reality is that in the long place of history the present century will not hold an admirable position, unless its se cond half is to keep open its first. These two-score years in the twentieth century will be recorded in the book of years as one of the most bloody in all annals. both World Wars have left-hand(a) a legacy of dead which number more than all the armies engaged in any way that made ancient or medieval history. No half-century ever witnessed slaughter on such a scale, such cruelties and inhumanities, such wholesale deportations of peoples into slavery, such annihilations of minorities.The terror of Torquemada pales before the Nazi Inquisition. These deeds are the overshadowing historic facts by which generations to come will remember this decade. If we cannot eliminate the causes and prevent the repetition of these barbaric events, it is not an domineering prophecy to say that this twentieth century may yet succeed in bringing the intend of civilization (JVL). For most of the world, the Nuremberg Trials were a symbolic expression of outrage over the atrocities of the Nazi organiza tion.Once done, however, it seems that the major awe was to put the whole reckon in the past and forget it. To use Justice Jacksons words, that we have eliminated the causes and laid the basis for preventing the repetition of these barbaric events. In words that might portray his view today, what happened was now in history books around the world, and if something the likes of this ever did happen again we would have a basis to be able to punish them correctly and more effectively. Not only having the basis but also having this also as a deterrent to those in later generations who may try something like this again.The question if rightice was actually served can be rolld for centuries because of the amount of devastation the men were involved in. Two distinct punishments of history and justice during the examination and action of Nazi war crimes and crimes against humanity has been the theme of debate ever since the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal. This was particular ly debatable, and more times than not it was poorly understood, by the role of historians in the trials of National Socialist perpetrators of genocide.Addressing this issue in its logical, practical and real-world scopes, even though the objectives were similar, a comparative analysis demonstrates that both law and justice benefited from this interaction. Assuming that the humanities and injustices were served correctly and done so in a civilized manor, which in my views it was, but I believe it almost wasnt enough. The Nazi officials had no problem knowingly and publicly displaying their views to the entire world and were not afraid during war time.Once war was over and they were at the mercy of the world they publicly embarrassed, the officials knew nothing of the plans or how they were executed, almost like they were never involved. verbalize best by Henry David Thoreau, It is not a mans duty, as a matter of course, to devote himself to the eradication of any, even the most eno rmous wrong he may still mightily have other concerns to encourage him but it is his duty, at to the lowest degree, to wash his hands of it, and, if he gives it no sentiment longer, not to give him practically his support.If I devote myself to other pursuits and contemplations, I must first see, at least, that I do not pursue them sitting upon another mans shoulders (RWLA). In other words, as a man, he has the knowing ability to dedicate himself to what he wishes it was the Nazi officials choice to stand with Hitler and support his ideas. Maybe some were afraid of death if they didnt comply but as a man it is his obligation to own up to it and not blame the views of Hitler of his actions.The action and paths these men picked put them down a dark road and they paid for it. Millions of people exterminated to support one mad mans views, and when all was said and done and defeat was admitted no one cute to admit the monstrosities they assisted in. James Fenimore Coopers The execute of the Pigeons, Cooper talks about the disport of killing pigeons becoming more for business and less for sport. This expident produced the desired effect , for every urchin on the ground went industriously to work to wring the necks of the wounded birds.Judge Temple retired towards his dwelling with that kind of feeling that many a man has experienced before him, who discovers, after the excitement of the moment has passed, that he has purchased pleasure at the damage of misery to others. Horses were loaded with the dead and ,after this first burst of sporting, the shooting of pigeons became a business, for the remainder of the season, more in proportion to the wants of the people. I liked this excerpt especially because I believe as it was almost pen with the Nuremburg Trials in mind. Pigeons can be interchanged with those killed during the Holocaust. To an extent, the killing and purification went on for so long that it, at least in my eyes, became a business for many of thes e officials. With the world watching, 22 defendants, 11 were given the death penalty, 3 were acquitted, 3 were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years.Nazi officials had no problem expressively and openly displaying their views to the entire world and were not afraid during war time but once war was over and they were at the mercy of the world they publicly embarrassed, and they were treated fairly and got their just deserts, maybe not enough sprinkles. Works Cited De Nevers, Renee. Modernizing the Geneva Conventions. The Washington Quarterly 29. 2 (2006) 99-113. Project MUSE. Web. . Haberer, E. recital and Justice Paradigms of the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 19. 3 (2005) 487-519. Project MUSE. Web. . James, Missy, and Alan Merickel. Reading Literature and paper Argument. Boston Longman, 2011. Print. Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience 245-259 James, Missy, and Alan Merickel. Reading Literature and Wr iting Argument. Boston Longman, 2011. Print. James Fenimore Cooper, The Slaughter of the Pigeons. 277-283 Prusin, Alexander V. Polands Nuremberg. The Seven Court Cases of the Supreme National Tribunal, 1946-1948 24. 1 (2010) n. pag. Project

Pagan Christianity by Frank Viola Essay

The book Pagan Christianity by dog genus Viola and George Barna leads readers into the world of religion, religious customs and rituals, sermons and religious clothing. The fountains show how the church has changed over times and what stark naked practices and beliefs it has adapted. bold Viola is known to be an Ameri target writers and speaker who has published a series of books apply to problems with church calling people to return to the biblical principles.Therefore, the central thesis of the book is that people should sting back to biblical principles in their religious beliefs because modern church practices are rooted in worldly or Pagan practices which have nonhing to do with the Bible and Gods commandments, as sound as the church doesnt resemble the premature church which was limnd in the book of Acts. advanced church is based on hierarchical structure whereas the author contains Jesus came with the strong intent to flummox an end to legalism, structure and hie rarchy.The book is very interesting from historical viewpoint and I think that it is in the main accurate offering us new insights and facts from religious past. Pagan Christianity The authors start their narration with strong claim that modern churches have little resemblance with the early centuries churches described in the New volition. With the partaking of the Traditional church service the author became very interested trying to reveal what we went on. The first chapter is reflection of authors inquiries on the subject of interest.For example, Viola questions whether there was a need to turn down light and to wait when the Spirit would move on to another church. The author thinks we are the Children of Lights, although he admits that he doesnt agree with any theologian and preacher offering his unbiased review. It is said that the vocalize pagan is a part of books denomination and it is applied to the churches being discussed. However, even the authors agree that often this term is not applicable. In the second chapter the author discusses the issue of the Church Building and modern church-goerselievers.It is emphasized that the Church has built itself. The original meaning of the word refers to the Greek language ekklesia and it means a group assembled. Viola argues that time and words are describing the tardy development of Holy Places and things which are considered important parts of religious world. The authors discuss Constantine as he was genius of the first Christians who gave legitimacy to the Christian Religion. Constantine promoted and supported grand displays of religious architecture.Further, the authors review religious clothing, music, steeples, architecture, thrones borrowed from other glossinesss along with customs and rituals. In the third chapter Viola provides overview of the order of traditional Worship and exposition of Sunday sunrise sets. He argues that standard order should be held in all churches with only slight dif ferences. For example, he writes You can scour your Bible from beginning to end, and you will never find anything that remotely resembles our order of worship.Further, the authors describe contributions of historical Church leaders Luther, the Puritans, the Pentecostals, etc. In the fourth chapter they describe the sermon abandoning principles of Protestantism. The authors argue that the early churches were not the sermons instead, they were places for gathering and Jesus functioned as its Head. In the fifth chapter Viola and Barna introduce the Pastor which is viewed as an obstacle to functioning of every member.The pastor is the fundamental figure in Protestantism and he is often relegate known, more highly raised, and more heavily relied on than Jesus Christ Himself. (p. 65) And it is a serious mistake. It is noted that the word pastor isnt a tile instead, it is a function. Viola notes that the word pastor is referred to in Ephesians 411 only one time a scanty piece of demon strate on which to hang the Protestant Faith. In this regard there identifyms to be more biblical authority for snake handling than there is for the present-day pastor. p. 66) In the sixth chapter there is a detailed description of Sunday morning costumes. The authors describe dressing up for church, what clothing is appropriated and why. The next chapter is devoted to the origins of Music Ministry and description of the hierarchy of clergy. The eighth chapter analyzes Tithing stressing that it is used in the New Testament and Clergy Compensation, although it is never used by the Christians. Further, the authors affirm Baptism, its core principles and fundamentals.They explain that Baptism has replaced the Sinners Prayer. The Lords Supper was firstly a festive spreading and, therefore, lost its concrete picture of The Body and Blood. The final chapters are devoted to religious command and how it is possible to receive the qualification to Minister the gospel. Viola and Barna p rovide new insight into the New Testament offering so-called second glance at Jesus, churches, pastor functioning, religious customs and education. Conclusion Strengths & WeaknessesFrank Viola and Geroge Barna offer new ideas and facts nearly religious order, customs, traditional music and dressing. The book is very informative, modernistic and well-organized. Moreover, it is very interesting from historical perspective as it is challenging and thought-provoking. The authors incorporate many references about the culture of time, adaptation of church, etc. I like their idea about church building that church is not the place it is the people. Nevertheless, there were several controversial moments I cant agree with.I see that Viola offers his own version of organized empire and it seems that he is supreme speaker and the founder of knowledge. It is evidence of hierarchy which he manages to escape. Moreover, he claims that such situation shouldnt happen in church, although he puts hi mself on superior position. Viola calls people to leave their church as all of them dont abide by Biblical principles. However, he tells we are the Body of Christ contradicting himself. I think that we shouldnt worry about such doctrinal issues. Despite certain weaknesses, the book is very informative and fresh.

Helping Teachers Become Leaders Essay

In dower Teachers Become Leaders, Patricia P cares (2008) presents a model that instructors, administrators and instructor educators tush internalize in order to cultivate good instructor leading in our nations schools. Phelps begins her discussion of teacher leading first by defining the concept. She cites Barths definition Making happen what you entrust in (p. 19). Phelps because goes on to argue that the development of teacher leaders has often been overlooked by both teacher education programs and by school administrators themselves The importance of cultivating leadership among teachers should not be underestimated as a powerful way to improve schools (p. 122).The risk then of not empowering teachers to nonplus leaders results in a significant threat to healthy school communities and effective and empowering teaching Those teachers who do not become leaders are typically satisfied with the status quo, easy discouraged, some meters cynical, perhaps burned out, and ma y engage minimally in master development activities (p. 123). In the school that I have been litigateing at, it is very evident that the handful of teachers who do mean in their ability to become leaders, are indeed the teachers who complain the close to without doing anything approximately it, and seem to be most dissatisfied with their job.After having developed an argument for the rationale behind cultivating teacher leadership, Phelps outlines several key components about what skills, dispositions and competencies teachers need in order to take on leaderships cases within their schools. To begin with teachers must know what they regard about education. Phelps argues that teachers should be presented with opportunities throughout their teacher education program and throughout their careers that ask them to define what they believe about best teaching practices and the purpose of education.Further more, Phelps argues, teachers must understand and appreciate the value of bec oming a leader in the schools. Teacher education programs and staff development must show examples of how teachers can and should become agents of positive change within their schools. Phelps also reminds teachers that a critical disposition for becoming a teacher leader is resiliency. Inevitably teachers go away encounter obstacles along the way either internally from colleague or administrators or externally as a result of federal policy that sometimes fails to take into bet the best interests of students.The next step in Phelps model is the development of the knowledge base that will help teachers assume a proactive and effective mathematical function within the school The knowledge base of teacher leadership consists primarily of the concepts of educational change and school culture (p. 121). Phelps suggests that there are various types of roles that a teacher leader might assume advocate, innovator and steward.After explaining how the teacher can best forge to assume leader ship roles, Phelps goes on to suggest that school administrators also play a significant role in determining whether or not teachers will feel comfortable taking on leadership roles By making clear the unique challenges that a school faces, the principal opens opportunities for leadership (p. 120). I believe that Phelps emphasis on administrators role in this process is important. Administrators very much deposit the tone at a school, and when teachers feel that their ideas are valued and appreciated, they will be much more apparent to step up to leadership roles.My principal frequently asks for staff input during meetings and asks for volunteers to become members of a committee. For example, when the school was considering whether to implement a dress code, our principal formed a committee and took all of their recommendations when it came time to adopt new policy. This makes staff members at our school feel valued and much more likely to take on leadership roles when they see ot her ways to improve the school. The process of preparing teachers to become leaders requires the commitment of many, not just teachers themselves.Teachers must be able to articulate what they believe and identify the roles that they can assume within the school to effect change. Administrators must create a positive tone and actively seek input from their staff. Teacher educators have the responsibility of cultivating an attitude and a belief in pre-service teachers that teacher leadership is both possible and necessary. If administrators, teachers and teacher educators take to heart these core components outlined by Helping Teachers Become Leaders, then we will make a big step toward sculpting out positive work environments that welcome and promote innovation.I believe that readings and discussions in this course about why becoming a leader is so important to schools and to individual teachers will help me to seek out and assume leadership roles throughout my career. Especially in the early stages of my career, I see myself most able to assume the role of steward, by exemplifying effective and innovative teaching practices and displaying a strong work ethic and a positive attitude about my profession. Once I begin to establish more of a professional identity, I hope then to be able to assume leadership roles in my school that will result in positive change on an even larger level.