Professional skills and ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional skills and ethics - Term Paper ExampleCorporate mixer Responsibility in Marketing in the Aviation Industry Over the years, environmental interests and various laws and regulations own caused for there to be a general change in the mode most organizations view the purpose of sustainable production line actions. Most of the companies in the aviation persistence frequently find that they how have to unceasingly ask themselves is to what extent do they happen to act responsibly. The paramount reason that causes companies to engage in business is to ensure that the owners and employees stand to gain various economic benefits. Any other actions by the various businesses are frequently considered to be secondary responsibilities and most firms have been ignoring them over the past years (Sun et al. 2010). In juvenile times that a new system of business has emerged that has forced players in the assiduity to change the way they conduct business due to the increasing aw areness of corporate social responsibility and the vast doctor that the industry has on the environment (Sun et al. 2010). ... s customers coupled with the customers frequent desire to meet the very best of services at reasonably decent prices makes it a prerequisite for most of the industrys operators to ensure that they market their product as being innately cost efficient piece offering their customers the very best services that are available. Companies and various operators in the industry are conclusion this to be increasingly difficult to do due to their incurring preferably high operating cost which have been seen to affect and have a profound influence in the entire industry (Flouris and Yilmaz 2011). The Challenges veneer the Conduction of Responsible Business Practices for both Individuals and Organizations in the Aviation Industry Environmental Challenges. The aviation industry is facing the challenge of developing appropriate and sustainable CSR models because it h as been forecast that the industry should poise itself for a rather tremendous general make up in the rate of flight traffic over the next 15 years. The growingd air traffic go forth consequently result in a general increase in raw material consumption, increased carbon emissions as well as an overall increase in pollution that is resultant of the industries activities. Industry Marketers are finding that they increasingly need to develop actions that will appease and fulfill all the stakeholders expectations as well as ensuring that the airlines are sufficiently taking armorial bearing of the environment (Phillips 2006). Efforts by marketers in the aviation industry to promote the various players in the industry as having appropriate corporate social responsibility practices are being severely hampered by a subject released by the Aviation Environment Federation which showed the estimated damage to the environment and society

Week 2 Hand-in Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 2 Hand-in fitting - Essay ExampleIt consequently follows your every activity on the website that initiated it and the website proprietors receive this information.In E-commerce websites, cookies can and ar frequently used to help in keeping the purchase details of each customer. E-commerce website requests for any indicate cookies when a customer accesses a page. The cookies tell the sites shopping cart what items are in the cart, and when the customer adds a new product or removes it, the server sends a new cookie to the browser that is up to date. When its stop time, the updated cookie, tells the shopping cart what products have been purchased (Greenstein, 2001, p 35).The transport control protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented service. This means that it ordinarily has the client and server exchange transport-layer information with one another prior to the flow of the finish take aim messages. Consequently, the client has the responsibility of starting the communicati on with the server and in order for the server to be fitted to respond to the clients first communication, the server needs to be ready. This means that the server application cannot afford to be in an inactive state and must be running even beforehand there is an attempt to generate the communication by the client. Thus, the server application must be put to death before the client program (Rajinder, 2007, p

Societies Degrees of Mental Wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Societies Degrees of Mental Wellness - Essay ExampleHere, one can start considering the multitudes of psychological exam they endured before expiration. Then, familiar pop-culture icons ar useful in bringing reality to the subject of insanity which, he says, has inoculated all of society. So, those interested in the extremes of execration for their personal entertainment become news headline. Those indulging in such primal insanity bring personal fears up front, close and personal because they were never caught. He also reinforces those warnings the parents and caregivers pass onto their children, as they venture out into a world where everyone is dealing with issues of psychological wellness to some degree, leaving individuals milk-sick-equipped to identify mint the likes of those who got away with it. Upon the review of his literary and cinematic stories, it gives one pause when trying to pin point him on his own mental unwellness scale. Therefore, horror entertainment fanatic s are targeted by Stephen King, as he introduces them to what he calls a totally mentally ill society. He shows how all the forms of horror entertainment allow followers to savor their individual mental illness without repercussions, because they are authorized by pop-culture idols and logically ingested by his use of deep-seated analogies, which leave the audience with a humorous look at our society as being made up of a existence of the mentally ill. When the analysis turns the reader to seek out and determine the normal, conservative reactionaries, King directs them to pop-culture icons. First, by covering in the horror film junkie what real ugliness is then, he shows the beauty that a administer of people aspire to and, in turn, lets them know that no one could never be truly grotesqueFreda Jackson as the horrible melting woman in Die, Monster, Die confirms for us that no field of study how far we may be removed from the beauty of a Robert Redford or a Diana Ross, we are p lacid light-years from true ugliness. (King, line 8). To explain this, Freda Jackson is perceived as a melting woman in Die Monster, Die substantiates that no matter how far we may be away from the beauties of Diana Ross or Robert Redford, we are not even close to being ugly. This also results into feeling re-establishment of ordinarily the horror film is fundamentally traditional and reactionary. This leaves those who watch such films to sit back and simply get entertained and have fun, lone(prenominal) that this type of fun is unique in its coming from seeing other menaced and even occasionally kil conduct. This has led to some critics suggesting that horror film has been turned into public form of execution. As King complements readers on their behavior, people are only there to enjoy each other and to clarify ones reality of normalcy. He says, I think that were all mentally ill those of us outside the asylums only hide it a little better and maybe not all that much better, aft er all. (King, line 1). Something worth noting is that everybody is certifiable what brings the difference amongst them is the degree of sanity. It is at this point that the severely insane part of society is acknowledgeable by those who have not expired at their hands, or otherwise. For instance, there are those capable of carving women, like in the case of Jack, were the likes of Jack the Ripper, the Cleveland Torso Murderer, we clap you away in the funny farm (but

QI Plan Part II--Quality Data Collection Research Paper

QI Plan Part II--Quality Data parade - Research Paper ExampleA large number of software packages are available in the market for recording daily infirmary records. A tool as simple as travel by spreadsheet can too be used to handle small amount of transactions for smaller organizations. Databases such as access can also be utilized. This would maintain a daily list of electronic records making it easy to sort, filter and backtrack any information.Health Management information systems (HMIS) can also be used to record and monitor data. This could contain supervisory data, clinic record data, drug stock-outs data, functioning of outreach serve and health workers availability. The information could include internal activities, number of beds, daily admissions and discharges, number of causalities and duration of stay.Self administered prospects service of process in revealing characteristics of the entire population by considering large sample sizes. Many questions can be asked o n a given topic and the response to them can be analyzed with flexibility. These surveys eliminate the limitations of self-administered surveys. private interviews are an alternative to surveys. The control of the interview is in the hands of the interviewer rather than respondent leading to come apart response and accuracy. The scope for confusion decreases significantly. Also the interviews are useful in cases where the interviewee is a senior administrator or a leader of an organization and doesnt have time to fill written survey (Data Collection Tools). emphasis groups are used to obtain specific information which may not be possible using other methods. The focus group consists of people who exhibit a certain unmated characteristic. For example, the satisfaction level of heart patient who went through bypass surgery in a hospital can be noted a few months after the surgery by forming their focus group.Focus groups contain 6-12 people generally. This ensures sufficient divers ity in the group without compromising on attention to everyone in the group.

Business Policy and Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Policy and Strategic heed - Essay ExampleIn customer perspective Starbucks strategy to retain market leadership is ostensible through operations such as brand extension to cater for different palates, setting up shops at diverse places e.g. hospitals, hotels and shopping centers to capture the customers preferred hangouts and so on. In internal perspectives we raise serve Starbucks improving its processes as it forever seeks to brew the perfect cup of coffee, plus investing in change magnitude coffee knowledge among its staff and customers alike. Innovation and learning perspective is at the core of Starbuck ever whimsical coffee blends that result in products such as the Starbuck VIA Ready Brew. Also we notice that Starbucks pursues a preeminence strategy unlike its big rivals McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts which are pursuing low cost leadership. Differentiation strategy can only be sustained through continuous innovation. Starbucks has taken several steps to increase its innovativeness and entrepreneurial capability.

Thatcherism in British Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thatcherism in British Politics - Essay modelThe measures laid down by her continue to be in place even up to the succession of Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, John Major and even David Cameron. Her determination in politics and the changes that she accomplished made her be prise and be viewed as being influential in many parts of the world. She is considered one of the most moral force and plain-spoken leaders of Britain. Ideologies of Thatcherism At the time of her election, Britain was in an economic crisis and was faced with political tumult. Most trade unions at that time had engaged in strikes, and the country was at the verge of collapsing. In fact, the country was nearly break off when she got elected. Thatcher made thrusts to sweep polices and laws that had been set at the time of World War II. The ideas that were proposed by Margret Thatcher can be compared to ideologies that she advocated for during her reign as prime minister. Research has shown that her ideas were not ori ginal in any way at heart her regime. Moreover, her ideas were not consistent in spite of appearance during her reign, and that she established a culture of rampant materialism within the British history. In fact, it has been identified that her policies and ideas were conservative, and she in most cases contracted herself in regard to her own values. For instances, she advocated for less giving medication intervention in various issues, and at the same time, this required a strong state. In an effort to make changes during her reign, Margret Thatcher put forward a number of principles that would serve to guide her in task execution. For instance, she proposed and implemented trim down power of trade unions within her state (Knight, 2010, 59). This was aimed at averting strikes and related activities within Britain. The otherwise issue was that of encouraging individuals to be entrepreneurs so that they would create employment opportunities for themselves and others. This would serve to maintain economic perceptual constancy and apart from contributing to economic development and improving the living standards of those involved in business activities (Burch & Moran, 1987, 168). Thatchers other ideology was the issue of imposing of lower taxes than those that were prevailing within the state. This would encourage business activities and progress private investments within the state. It would also serve to encourage unconnected investors, and the result would be stability in the economy and creation of employment opportunities for the citizens. In addition to the above tenets, stated that there would be reduced government interference in the daily life of people within Britain. This would serve to promote liberty to carry out activities within the state. It would also enable individuals to carry out their activities without fear of being macabre by the government. Finally, she was for the idea of restoring national pride within Britain during her regim e. This was to be achieved through having a sturdy foreign strategy and defense system. Research has confirmed that these tenets were the core components of Thatchers ideologies within her regime that served to eliminate the gradual processes within the country. She tried to move the country rapidly in a conservative direction. This made her acquire the cognomen of a revolutionary, conservative leader during her

Apital punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apital penalisation - Research Paper ExampleOf the developed western countries, only the joined States continues to actively practice with child(p) punishment, and this varies significantly between different grounds. History of capital punishment Prior to the 18th-century, capital punishment was prevalent in England for a range of types of crime, including theft and assault. However, as power shifted towards a parliamentary system, and away from the monarch having sole power, the use of capital punishment decreased. This was partly driven by a desire to see more democracy, and also because the demise penalisation was becoming ineffective at decrease crime rates (Lieberman 200-203). At this clock the list of crimes that were punishable by death was so long that enforcing the law was difficult and often impossible. Because the only option for those convicted of capital crimes was death, many were released or recommended for royal pardon, base on compassion (Lieberman 209). Con sequently, the use of capital punishment began to decrease, and there was an increase in the rate at which criminals were imprisoned In southern France 1977, a Tunisian worker was killed by guillotine as the ensue of a conviction of murder. While there was nothing significant about the conviction itself, this was the last time that an item-by-item was executed through capital punishment in Western Europe in the twentieth century. This trend was prevalent throughout the world, and in the same year only two people were install to death in the linked States (Zimring 15-16). The worldwide perception of capital punishment has changed throughout the decades. Initially, Europe believed that the charge of the death penalty was the decision of the individual solid ground. However, since 2000 Europe has placed a strong emphasis on the human rights aspect of capital punishment, believing the use of the death penalty to be a impact of human rights (Zimring 17). Capital punishment in the United States The occurrence of capital punishment within the United States of America remains an issue of significant moral, political and legal relevance. America is the only developed nation in the western world that continues to use capital punishment as a legal direction of punishing criminals (Zimring viii). The use of capital punishment in the United States is varied, and some states actively use the death penalty, while others have abolished it altogether. While the number of people sentenced to death has been dramatically increasing, the same trend has not been observed in number of people executed (Zimring 6). The history of capital punishment in the United States is surprising and unpredictable. In the 1950s and 1960s the pattern of executions followed that of the rest of the western world, with a steadily decrease number of deaths by capital punishment per year. By 1965, this figure had decreased to less than ten executions apiece year. A moratorium was released on capi tal punishment in 1972, which lasted until 1970. However, from 1970 to the present day, the nationwide rates of capital punishment have been increasing, and they currently resemble the rates that occurred prior to the moratorium (Zimring 6-7). Capital punishment shows substantial variation crossways the states. Thirty-eight states have legal statutes that allow the death penalty, although several of these have not executed an individual for decades. Furthermore, variation among the states that practice the death penalty is significant. In 2000, 40 people were executed in the state of Texas, out of the 85 executions that occurred across the nation (Zimring 7). One significant change that has occurred in the death penalty since its inception is the movement

The philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke Assignment

The philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke - Assignment ExampleAs a result, formation of a government with total power is necessary for men to coexist peacefully. Such a government is formed by pot who transfer their liberty for safety. People obey the laws formed by the government, which stands between them and their state of chaos, and they do not have the right to overthrow the government (Ladenburg, 2007).On the contrary, Locke believes that people are born free with rights to dispose their properties. According to Locke, people form a government to nourish their possessions, and they can regain their liberty if the government breaches the law of society. However, following the events that happened in Libya, Lockes opinion is misguided. aft(prenominal) Gaddafis fall in Libya, democracy has not yielded much. The country is controlled by armed militias, and the economy is deteriorating. Libyas state under Gaddafis authoritarian rule was better than the current democratic rul e.In conclusion, peremptory democracy is unattainable in the presence of many people. Different people pursue different goals, which are likely to be conflicting, and this throws the society into a state of disorder. Human liberty needs to be controlled for a peaceful and progressive

Career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Career Management - Essay ExampleBeing an transnational student, I have been exposed to diverse and dynamic experiences that have subsequently changed the way I descry my life and the world in general. I have countered my home country life context to grok the larger world. In the process, I have learnt to define the study of hotel management from a global perspective. defining myself as an open-minded person has allowed me to dream big in the hotel management context. Although I am lighten in the process of building my career in hotel management, I believe my future is bright and prospective. My conclusion is to build a strong career portfolio as a general manager in a U.S hotel. My open-mindedness will essentially influence the pursuit towards the realization of this goal.In terms of global diversity, cultural, social, economic, and political differences discover across the world cannot be ignored. These differences are vital sources of opportunities which I can move swiftly t o mold as I build and manage my career. For this reason, my life continues to become more and more oriented towards individualized and global differences that ultimately make the world a unique place for all of us. Most heavyly, the excogitation is to combine the two aspects (open-mindedness and global diversity) to create a strategy mix that enhances my personal and professional competitiveness.It is important to note that the path to a successful career is rough and one characterized by many challenges. The great power to think critically and creatively is, therefore, fundamental. In this respect, the plan is to try and identify opportunities from a basket of challenges. In other words, the objective is to rise above academic, career, and professional challenges to become a globally competitive individual. mastery is not achieved or realized overnight. Rather, it is the outcome of a progressive process that

MR, empanada Internal Anaysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MR, empanada Internal Anaysis - Research Paper ExampleThe organizational chain supply touch on is tracked by the respective branch managers thereafter everything needed is then delivered from the Headquarter. Mr. Empanada is keen to employ an automatise system which is able to check on the inventory and dispatch the required inventory to the centers even before the actual order has been placed. (Empanada Operations manual of arms 109). The organization is carewise keen to take charge of life-or-death interests ensuring that the company serves to the customers demands as seen July1992 during the launch of the 4th branch. One of the breakthroughs that have been achieved is the acquisition of a modern bear on machine in Dec 2013 that has enhanced the processing speed and distribution to the various branches where preservations and cut-rate sale is done. The main aim of this technology adoption targeted enhancement of efficiency and quality of resultion in terms of power buying and customers policy satisfaction. The restaurant has designed large grills where numerous panadas can be produced at ago and a dressing station where the staffing of the condiments such meat additives and other ingredients is done awaiting distribution to the branches (Empanada Operations Manual 109). Marketing and sales Mr. ... However, the effect of the final decision is based on the corporation officer who is also been accredited the powers to input and implement changes in consideration to the brands at Mr. Empanada (Mr. Empanada Operations Manual 109). As a matter of rewarding customers, the organization uses gift card coupons, which are loaded at the point of sale terminal in all the outlets with some specified amount of dollars in reference to the number of purchases make by the customers. When a customer wilts to redeem the points to pay bills, the card is, therefore, swiped at the POS and the deduction is automatically do by the card processor at the headquarters, which monitor the store lineage and either debits or credit appropriately in reflex to the location (Mr. Empanada Operations Manual 110). With the new hearty media working computer programme appearing an important aspect in all areas of marketing, Mr. Empanada Franchise Corporation has considered investing time and the organizations resources into companionable media strategy as a definite necessity to wards customer awareness. Through the administration of all social media, the organization has received very real measurable returns of about 40% from initial media earnings. The facilitation has been made by the discretion of additional administrators responsible for hirirng agents who manage the social media pieces. Taking considerations to a social media site like face book, a single look design has been made, which can be accessed from different quarter plot it is primarily administered at central location. This has popularized company branding and improved the awareness to a vast tribe while increasing customers loyalty and trust to the organization about the products the projection of lifespan of a product during

Modern medicine vs herbal medicine Research Paper

Modern practice of medicine vs herbal medicine - Research Paper ExampleThe reason for modern medicines to take place in the lives of current world is the non availability of medicinal plants and the difficulty in production. Usu ally, herbal medicines required much fret from the physicians as well as patients and numerous a times hobo involve allergic do to the patients. Plants have been used for medicinal purpose since civilization has known to exist. Ancient Indian and Chinese hoi polloi have studied and used herbal plants in a scientific manner to bestow wellness and wellbeing to peck for long time. However, as time passed, their importance and value started declining due to scientifically betterment of human generation. With advancement, physicians started inventing modern technique and methods to impart health to people in a sophisticated manner. In his journal (Wise,1994,pg.46-49) has written that It is generally accepted that modern medical science came about in 1876 w hen Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch demonstrate (almost simultaneously and unknown to each other) the idea that contagion passes from one individual to another. Normally speaking, we can observe that herbal medicines are in every way better than modern medicines as character is the best curer by all means. The use of herbs for physical and mental ailments has been practiced since ever by civilizations all over the globe. There were all types of herbal medicines available for any kind of illness in old-fashioned times. All indigenous groups used extensively herbal medicines for all diseases, and procured long life and health from it. However, as natural resources started getting scarce and with population increase, the use of herbs and medicines became lesser and unpopular. Research has revealed that people in incompatible regions of world used same plants for same health problems. The highlight of herbal medicines is that, it gave relief to patients on a long-term basis and impacte d less negatively on their health. These herbal medicines are natural cook of treatment and are a gift from nature and require proper guidance from physicians to give panoptic benefit to patients. The herbal medicines were very prominent until the scientist and physicians started discovering new medicines of chemical origin, which gave instant and prolonged benefit to people with health problems. The modern medicines have been ardently proven to be effective in treating diseases and illness of terminal nature .Without modern medicines many an(prenominal) diseases would have been difficult to resist before a century or so. It can be definitely stated here that, human life span would have been come short half if modern medicine would have been absent from our daily life. In the website (Alternative Medicine,2011)it is stated that , customary medicine is comprised of drugs that suppress the bodys natural immune responses. It is the world of the American Medical Association (AMA) w hich is aligned with the multibillion one dollar bill pharmaceutical industry. There is no better medicine when it comes to surgery, emergency and trauma The modern medicine has many benefits as it has allowed people to live healthily life with more comfort. As per (Singh,2010,pg.17-29)Modern medicine has through with(p) much in the fields of infectious diseases and emergencies to aid cure. However, when one focus on the post effects of modern medicines, all its value dooms in to dark. The modern medicines also being very costly, is many a times unaffordable for normal people .Another prominent dark side of modern

Police Gratuity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police Gratuity - Essay fontThis paper illustrates that gratuities help in cementing the relationship amongst the police officers and the habitual. The police officers who accept gratuities are more than informed that police officers who are very strict on law enforcement. Gratuities, therefore, bridge the gap between the police officers and the general public. It offers an avenue where the general public interacts with the police personnel with minimal professional boundaries. On the other hand, it is quite unethical for someone to ref apply a gift or an appreciation for favors. Therefore, it serves as a means of expression of human characteristics by the police officer to the public. A gift is cognize for converting the receiver and the respondent together in a mutual social reciprocation relationship. Gratuities also be a significant role in creating a mutual relationship between the general public and police officers. In the broader perspective, gratuities can be viewed as a method which necessitates community policing concept. Police officers, therefore, use gratuities to develop a good relationship with the public. The developed police-public relationship serves as a platform for transferring sinful information from the public to the police officers. Additionally, gratuities are used by criminal investigation department in their investigations. Gratuities reduce the cost of administration of justice. The legal procedure to get justice is sometimes very valuable in terms of resources and time. Additionally, people who are prone to gratuities are shop at users of the police function. The known frequent users of gratuities are businessmen to hide their bad reputation and traits from the general public. On the other hand, gratuities may mess around with police officers ability to administer fair and just service to the public. Police officers are likely to consort preferential treatment to those who are prone to gratuities. In such situation, just ice would be administered unfairly. Gratuities overrate the bearing of police officer. Police officers who accept gratuities view themselves as very special officers who must be rewarded for their services to the public. Police officers are professionals in their own capacity. They are paid salaries to offer protection and other services to the public. Therefore, acceptance of gratuities is unethical and violation of their professional ethics.

Construction Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Construction safety device - Assignment ExampleThe main objective of an emergency action plan is to consider safety requirements with particular importance given to mis-haps like fall, struck by, caught between and electrical hazards (CPWR, 2010), and etcetera. The plan focuses on guarding labor in vehicle vocation, providing secure running(a) zone for cranes, maintaining a secure heavy-duty route, allowing safe carriage of crook material, diminishing noise exposure by correctly locating heavy machinery, checking carbon monoxide discharge, preventing risks of fire, maintaining sanitation and drinking water system for workers, and making emergency transport easily available. Hazards that are addressed are traffic security, floods, harsh weather irregularities, quakes, facility blackout, illness, electrical protection, material management, collisions, fire safety, and trapped in vulnerabilities while working on site. The major components of an emergency plan involve measures rega rding personal injury methods for reporting construction disasters policies and procedures for offer evacuation procedures for emergency escape assignment of routes for escape like floor plans, maps and refuge areas procedures for fire extinguishers present plan and, procedures to handle employees after

How persuasive are the design arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How persuasive are the spirit arguments - Essay ExamplePeople al instructions wanted to know much about the origin of humanity. This emergence has always been mysterious for us and it really seems that nature that allowed us to touch upon its secrets, would like to hide the fair play from humans. However, there are people, who dared to try to find out the truth. They are famous philosophers, who played an important percentage in the life of all of us. The philosophers devoted their lives to science in order to create the arguments, which attempt to let off the origin of humanity. The argument from design was widely discussed and serves as a beation of the modern science. The given paper will pull ahead an overview of the arguments and come to corresponding conclusion.William Paley in his book Natural Theology (1802) paralleled between the livelihood things intricacy and subordinate intricacy of a surveillance that was created by an intelligent creature, as it was known. Thi s version is considered to be classic. Taking into account the sympathying from design, or teleological argument, the design that was discovered in the earth gave reason to talk about subsistence of the intelligent creator that is usually depicted as God. Paley underlined in his nominates that a watch could not become possible without the creator of this watch, thus it became clear that living creatures had no hazard to exist without an intelligent creator. There is a version that living things are the offspring of intelligent design. It could be concluded that watches refer to the intelligent design, thus living creatures have similarity with them. The living things are equipped with the eyes, the main tools of gathering the information. Paley states Suppose I found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place, I should hardly think that, for anything I knew, the watch might have always been there. Yet why should not this answe r serve for the watch as well as for a stone that happened to be assembly on the ground (Paley, 1809. p.1). The idea of Paley is based generally on biological aspect and its intricacy. This version was seriously considered, when Mr. Darwin presented his famous evolution theory based on the natural selection in 1859. Darwin in this way justifyed how livings creatures, which are intelligent, could adapt in a perfect way to their environment, even if they were not so intelligent. By this statement Darwin doubted the Paleys idea about the biological base of argument to design to a considerable degree. The 20th century gave birth to another argument that was connected to the cosmology. This argument is likewise called fine-tuning argument. It states that it is possible to explain the life on the planet by the different independent natural processes, but the fact that the universe gave chance for the life existing on the privilege position, confirmed the presence of the intelligent cr eator. For example, you should understand that for life as it exists now at the earth many incipient conditions and values as well as physical constants are necessary. If these conditions do not operate in appropriate way or make some tiny error, life will be just impossible in our universe. This statement represents the additional proof of theory of the existence of some intelligent creature that made all conditions, values and constants work on life creation. Hurben and Drange claimed that the denomination of the different physical constants could be combined only with the possible found denomination. In this argument to design other possible combinations could not exist. In this case Carrier and Drange also claimed that such characteristic as fine-tuning could be concerned as illusion, in the light of what was stated above. In the book called Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume you can find critics to this theory. Norman Smith underlined that Humes objurgation w as not only pernicious but also complete. This point of

Eng 105 unheard HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eng 105 unheard HW - study ExampleThough it seems bad, the colored folk are being accepted though it a go I sleep with.LYON uncomfortable at the direction the talk is taking Its my music, finally started to show progress. Some producer saying me on stage at my regular club say I got talent. Next thing you know am off making something for myself.Fences is a process that focuses deeply on relationships that are strained by personal decisions and by the times they are in. the discrimination of the colored community is clearly highlighted as a theme in the play and it is portrayed as having a major role in the lives of the characters. Troy, the primary(prenominal) character in the play, makes many mistakes in his lifetime and has learnt to live with the old ones he made as a youth. In so doing, he is able to create a family, which is relatively happy and gets a stable job. These and the friendship he has with his workmates give him something to be thankful about.The horizontalt th at occurs towards the closing of the climax of the play exposes the stained relationship existing between the members of his family. Rose and Lyon have such a relationship, which is made even much difficult by introduction of Raynell in the family. Lyon and Cory are okay with each other, but in that pry is a barrier between them where Lyon expresses a form of crippled thinking and his younger brother is more focused and sharp. In this particular instance, Lyon expresses his regard for his have when he refers his brother to their father in respect to finding a job. In this manner, he indirectly accepts that he is the one at odds with his father because he had refused an offer for a job by him.Lyon is the main focus of the act and he is heart-to-heart as having been involved with an incident he is ashamed of. He lies to his family on the source of the money he reinstates to his father knowing that if he disclosed the truth, he would be rejected. This instance goes further to show that the sterile

The Changing Role of Women in India Essay Example for Free

The changing Role of Women in India EssayThe Changing Role of Women in India Women in India argon beginning to cost the direction that the women of the Western world took more than eighty years ago demanding treatment as serviceman equals. However, it has become more and more evident as the vicissitude ages that Indian women may have to adjust the Western feminist method to their very traditional and religious culture.India has different complications that put the development of women in a completely altered context than their Western counterparts. Although the key targets remain similar improvement of wellness care, education and Job opportunities in order to gain equality between men and women in the conglomerate settings of public society, the workplace, the school yard and possibly the most fundamental setting of all the home. Women are seek to be independent on the equal level of men.The additional complexities that the women of India must also challenge are the ca ste governing body, the heavy religious customs, older and more raditional roles of the sexes, as well as the even stronger exponent that men hold in India. The status was at one time accepted, but with the Western womens revolution and perception, the role is slowly succeeding in its development through both independent groups of women and national and world-wide organizations based on the goal of gaining equality. They have all accomplished much, but have yet to invert the male dominated society.The Original Status A patriarichal and oppressed society with an inhumane caste system supposedly based on religious faith, however, their religious beliefs are obviously not understood since their manlike domination acts against the religious base of men and women living as equals. Despite modernization, womens status remained low and debased well into the 20th century. Gargi Chakravarty of the National Federation of Indian Women stated in 1990 that Girls are looked upon by their pa rents as burdens.

Adele Laurie Blue Essay Example for Free

Adele Laurie spirited EssayAdele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on May 5, 1988 in North London, England. She was the only child of cent Adkins who was just 18 at the time of her birth, and a Welsh father, Mark, who left the family when Adele was only 4 age old. Mark, who never married Penny, stayed in contact with his daughter up until her teen years, when appeared problems with alcohol. That is the reason why Adele grew be quiet to her mom, who said her young daughter to explore, and not to stick with one thing. Adele developed a fondness for musicin her early years.Because of it her mother took Adele in the BRIT School for Performing Arts Technology, where Amy Winehouse studied. While at school, Adele make a three-track demo for a class project, which was posted on her MySpace page. When executives at XL Recordings heard the tracks, they contacted the utterer and, just four months after Adele had graduated school, signed a contract. Adeles debut album, 19, hit record stores because of twain singles Hometown Glory and Chasing Pavements which became very popular. She won Grammy and the Critics Choice prize at the BRIT Awards.See much Homeless satire essayHer album 21, selling 352,000 copies by its first week. Her two singles, Rolling in the Deep and Someone Like You, became top and 19 and 21 became a top albums in the alike week. Adele also broke the solo female artist record for staying at No. 1 for 11 weeks. At that year Adele won six Grammies. In this year Adele won her seventh Grammy for her hit single Set Fire to the Rain, an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for the shout Skyfall. Also Adele has a child. The babys father is Adeles boyfriend, Simon Konecki. She said that she wants to have three sons by the time shes 30.

Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Jainistism, Buddhism, and Hinduism EssayJainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, three of the worlds to a greater extent or less dynamic and ancient religions developed in India around the same time. Though each borrowed from, evolved because of, or came into employment with each early(a) Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism are more than religions, precisely cross-sections of an entire culture and time period.Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism have more a huge impact on eastern life as we know it. The interactions between military personnel and environment that these religions have had have been phenomenal. Jainism being the oldest of the three has 12-18 cardinal followers(jaindharmonline.com). Jain migrated from India to other countries beginning with them migrating to Britain and British colonies. In the beginning, a number of Gujarati Jains migrated to coastal towns of East Africa and later on moved inland, tell aparticularly to Kenya, to open businesses. The Jain community in Ind ia represents an affluent and influential minority of the population.Jains now mostly reside in northeastern United States Africa. Buddhism, on the other hand, is the sixth largest religion by population. It has ab step to the fore 367 million followers and is7% of the worlds population(cia.gov).Buddhism spread on land routes of the Silk Road, it underwent profound change. There were great overland trade routes in those days and in later centuries too, that joined China even to the Mediterranean. Along these routes Buddhism spread to northwest India and beyond, along the east-west Silk Route. Hinnduisms origin is much more shrouded though, in terms of its religious development there are now 2 basic theories that hear to explain how Hinduism first developed within India, and they both draw on the famous ekam sat viprah bahudah vandanti verse for their effectiveness. One suggests that at some time towards the end of the Indus Valley Civilization a group of winding people called the Aryans moved into northern India from the steppes of central Europe or even Asia Minor while the other theory suggests that Hinduism emerged out of India itself(Dasa).The beliefs for these three religions are mostly the same in essence, they were all founded on the beliefs of stay and prosperity. They are also known as The Paths of Enlightenment. Hinduism ,though believed by some(prenominal) to be a polytheistic religion, the basis of Hinduism is the belief in the unity of everything. This totality is called Brahman. The purpose of life is to realize that we are part of God and by doing so we squeeze out leave this plane of existence and rejoin with God. This enlightenment can only be achieved by going through cycles of birth, life and death known as samsara. Ones pass towards enlightenment is measured by his karma.This is the accumulation of all one(a)s good and bad deeds and this determines the persons next reincarnation. Jainism has many similarities to Hinduism and Budd hism which developed in the same part of the world. They believe in karma and reincarnation as do Hindus, but they believe that enlightenment and liberation from this cycle can only be achieved through asceticism. In Buddhism, nirvana is freedom from the cycle of rebirth, when a being turns into a state of non-being, or Sunya, looses its identity and becomes nothing.These religions were all derived out of India which apply the caste system for their government. The buildings made for these religions were all complex and amazing in nature. Buddhistics temples were mostly strengthened in natural environments, such as forests and tops of hills. Hindu temples were built in more urban environments and used red paints for most of their buildings and temples. And Jain temples were also built in more urban places and used beige and gold paints for their buildings and temples.These religions grow in many different ways, they all originated in India, and started spreading throughout the world. The two that are most know today are Hinduism and Buddhism, Jainism still has about 16 million followers though. Buddhist temples were built along the Silk Road for prayer for the travelers. Hindu kept most of their temples inside(a) of India unlike the Jainist that moved to northern Africa. It spread outside of Magadha starting in the Buddhas lifetime, and with the reign of the Buddhist Mauryan Emperor Asoka, spread across Nepal straight down to China and all the way to Japan and became one of the dominant religions in these parts of Asia(Chung).Hinduism is a religion of the Indian subcontinent of India, with 80.5% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus. The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Vaishnavite and Shaivite denominations(Thompson Patts)As part of the reaction against Hinduism during its early years, Buddhism rejected the caste system and other forms of favorable stratification and instead set up an essentially egalitarian society. There are on ly two religiously important social groups the monks, who have dedicated their lives to full time pursuit of religious goals, and everyone else. The monks, as a group, are called the sangha(uwacadweb.uwyo.edu). When the Aryans moved into northwest India, they imposed a caste system to organize the new society created by their arrival.The Hindus then put together a hierarchy of four varnas, which later was expanded to include a fifth category. The caste system, which the Hindus followed, initially served to maintain rigid social boundaries between the invaders and the anterior inhabitants. By 80 A. D. the Jains were divided into two sects. The Svetambara or white clad live mainly in northern India today(Sprunger). They are more liberal in their interpretation of Mahavirals teaching regarding nudity and allow their monks to run down a white garment. Women are also allowed in their religion and monasteries accepting the possibility that they may decide salvation(Sprunger).

The Key to Patience Essay Example for Free

The Key to Patience EssayPatience is a word that I constantly hear from my mother. My mothers days as a young child were fractious and non as convenient as things are now. Back in the 1970s, in Dominican republic there wasnt such things as iPads, iPods and Iphones. Although it wasnt the best life, she always had pains with everything she did and it rightfully brought her a long way. In the book Life Lessons, application is one of the topics that the author Elizabeth Kubler Ross and David Kessler mentions. It discusses on how patience affects our lives and the consequences in not having patience. I myself know I dont have all the patience in the world however, by reading this book I actually think Im not so bad. Elizabeth mentions how one of the hardest and frustrating lessons in life is realizing that we dont always take off what we want.You may want something now but you may not get it for a while. One of my favored lines in this chapter is In this modern world, throng are not used to living in discomfort. I adore that line because it is absolutely true We all expect our results quickly and were all used to having things through immediately. For instance, if were hungry theres always food available, from microwave dinners to all night grocery stores and restaurants. Ive learned that according to the book, we need to develop faith and believe that everything will be okay. Trying not to always be in control of the situation and just letting things happen when there suppositious to happen is what we need to do. In this world patience is crucial. For example, waiting in line to purchase items, our job, cooking, and people Increasing the input of patience in everyone will bring out a better melodic line and create a healthier way to work things out.

Counseling Children in a Community Setting Essay Example for Free

Counseling Children in a Community Setting studyThis article deals with the effects of loss on infantren of both a primary and secondary nature. Events such as the death of a parent or friend and the resulting consequences can be difficult for a child to deal with, depending on what stage they are at developmentally. Other losses such as in-person possessions, those resulting from abuse or a sudden change in a childs life can as well as be difficult (Goldman, 2004). The author also discusses, according to Piagets developmental theory, how children deal with loss. Younger children can a lot ask trouble understanding why a loved one died may connect an font to the death that is not even related. Older children are curious as to the events and reasons for the loss, tending to seek answers as to why the death occurred. It is recommended that when speaking to children about death, an age-appropriate explanation should be used. Children need to have information that all the way defines specific type of death that has occurred, such as a murderer or an accident(Goldman, 2004). To financial aid children effectively cope with a sudden loss, Goldman proffers several options that can be productive. Having a police squad up that focuses on supporting the child can be very beneficial to bereavement counseling. This team has members from the family, school and includes the counselor. The team assesses exactly what losses have occurred to the child and what developmental stage the child is at. Based on this information, the team can set up a plan for supporting the child (2004).Other methods that can be used to help the child include helping the family communicate about the death, support groups, play therapy and focalisation on early intervention. The author stresses the importance of having an all-around knowledge of the circumstances and that considering the consequences that the loss will have on a childs whole life experience (Goldman, 2004). References G oldman, Linda. (2004). Counseling with children within contemporary society. Journal of psychic Health Counseling, Volume 26, no. 2, 168-187.

Self analysis of RKA Essay Example for Free

Self analytic thinking of RKA EssayIn this module I examined mixed media research casts. Exploratory research design involves parade of quantitative entropy followed by qualitative info. Qualitative entropy helps to analyze the quantitative. With exploratory research design qualitative information is composed followed by quantitative data. Triangulation / corroboration collect both qualitative and quantitative data together. The data is analyzed together and the results compared. The concept that stood out most was that of action research. looker is actively involved in the research process with the objective or view of possible change. I believe that research should be geared towards possible change. I received for the quiz a score of twenty-three. heptad answers were incorrect. These were items two, twelve, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-five and twenty-six. The items I missed related to types of research, dependability, transferability and selection types. With the concept of grounded theory a theory is certain from the data collected (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010).In question twenty-five on the quiz Andrew collected qualitative data and develop a theory from the findings. Phenomenological studies explore lived experiences of human subjects (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010). Suzie in question two of the quiz examined experiences of African American students in a high school as they relate to racism. Ethnography research methodological analysis is based on the study of behaviors, opinions and interactions of individuals within a specific setting location or verge (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010). On careful examination these concept are not really too close for me to differentiate. I should be able to apply them now. Conceptual good example involves organizing a body of concepts or ideas that relates to each separate (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010). Theoretical framework also involves a collection of concepts that are in terrelated (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010).WhatI understand from this is that this framework is based on possible causes and outline variables that be contributes to them. The theoretical framework outlines hypothesis and possible proof. I will continue to review these concepts because they are still not quite clear. Dependability in qualitative study relates to consistency in collection and analysis of data. It relies on the validity credibility and reliability of the data collected and analysis of the data (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010). Transferability refers to the ability for the results to be applied in other situations or to a general population (Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle 2010). In questions twelve and twenty-two of the quiz the focus was on participants background, how and when data was collected and the quality of data collected these address the concept of dependability.This information seems to be clearer now. From examining knowledge gained in this module mixed methods approach seems to be a good choice for in-depth research. Three important concepts were grasped. Qualitative data can be utilise to analyze quantitative data. Quantitative data can be used to analyze qualitative data. Both qualitative and quantitative data can be collected together and analyzed together based on the nature of the research and research questions. I also noteworthy that research can be based on seeking answers to specific questions or to examine data from which a theory is then developed. I do not have questions for the instructor at this point. I will continue to pay closer attention to the course readings.ReferenceLodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T, Voegtle, K, H. (2010). Methods in Educational Research from Theory to Practice. San Francisco CA Jossey-Bass

Great Depression Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Great clinical depression Essay Introduction EssayBy the beginning of the First initiation War, the United States was the largest industrial country, write up for more than 35% of production. Thanks to the developed agriculture, infrastructure, extremely favorable natural and stinting conditions, proximity to the unlimited markets of the South American continent and a quite advantageous distance from the conflicting Europe, the USA already not only provided itself with all necessary things, but also seriously pressed their competitors by make an application for being leadership.However, in October 1929, a crisis broke out on the New York Stock deputise went down in history as the Great Depression. It began in the USA and then embraced new(prenominal) areas. The reality experienced three waves of inflation. The first embraced households of a number of agrarian nations. The second led England in family line 1931 to abolish the gold standard of the pound sterling, and its dominions, India, Brazil, Argentina and Scandinavian territories. In spring of 1933, in connexion with the departure from a gold standard of the United States, a third wave rose. As a result, the currencies of 56 states depreciated. Officially crisis ends in 1940, but the US power was able to recover from the Second World War.The Great Depression was synchronous and comprehensive. Its name was due to an emotional condition in which community being. human beings really plunged into a state of depressive numbness. The causes of it remain a subject of ongoing discussions about the role of regimen policy and activity of a private business. From the view of economic theory, it came about because of an overproduction of commodities and a neediness of currency for their purchase. Since cash was tied to gold, and the amount of this substance is restricted, there was a deficit of funds as a demand for items. Further along a chain, the domino principle worked deflation, bankruptcies of en terprises, unemployment, barring duties on merchandise wares, a decreasing in consumer demand and living standard.By its nature and origin, a world economic crisis of the early 30s was cyclical. However, its exceptional destructive power was thanks to the fact that new long-term factors joined an execution of a traditional mechanism. The main one was a common breakdown of capitalistic ideology. Accelerated by the First World War, the establishment of state-monopoly capitalism entailed a rapid enhance in a ducking of production and capital.On this basis, tremendous strengthen of the monopolies and their role in the economic life occurred, which made it undoable to restore pre-war relations even after a liquidation of the military mechanism for state ordination of household. In the midst of a crisis of the early 1930s, negative consequences of anarchy were fully manifested.Essential changes introduced in other areas of life. In the kindly sphere, it is necessary to note the incre ased activity of workers who began to fight for better living conditions and social benefits. In the field of international relations, a collapse of the Versailles-Washington system of postwar settlement started. The theoretical and unimaginative search for new means and methods of combating the crisis became more active. A dominant vector of such looking for was strengthening of state intervention in the economy.Thus, the uniqueness of the Great Depression due to the action of all the higher up factors was expressed in a rare combination of a number of features like its extraordinary depth, duration, and a general nature. This was an original phenomenon impacted all spheres and determined for the next years a lot of world trends.

The Long and the Short and the Tall Essay Example for Free

The grand and the Short and the Tall EssayIn the dramatic event The Long and The Short and The Tall, the happenw right field Willis Hall convincingly uses the characters and their reactions to their situation to effectively reveal the infrastructure of contend.The play centres around seven soldiers in the First humankind War, who assimilate be pose separated from their platoon and atomic number 18 stuck in the Malayan Jungle with only weapons, a minimum food supply and for each ane separate. The first part of the play concentrates on how the soldiers relate to each other in this isolated and pressurising situation, and we find out(a) what kind of citizenry they are. Later on though, they find a Japanese soldier and have to permit him live with them in their hut. However, they must decide how to deal with him in the long run and in the end, after m any(prenominal) arguments and changes of discovert, an example of the harsh reality of fight is demo they kill him , surprising themselves as much as anyone. The play finishes unpredictably, with all of the soldiers but one existence killed after leaving the hut. This soldier, Johnston, surrenders to the Japanese, and what is going to happen to him is foreseeable.The first important aspect we see which influences the characters and shows the conception of warfare is the setting. The setting is described to us before any dialogue takes hind endA short demote of heavy gunfire is see to itd in the distance and then silence. A pause and then we hear the chirruping of crickets in the jungle.This would seem a alternatively strange setting for a war, and an equally strange place for sounds equivalent gunshots to be heard, as it would seem to contrast to the peaceful setting. However, here Hall is leaseing the idea that war affects everything, and that the soldiers are in a very isolated, claustrophobic place.Being restrict to a polished hut in the jungle makes the soldiers intuitive feeling tense and causes their emotions to be magnified and brought out on each other, resulting in their arguing and mocking. An example of this occurs quite early in the play, where the soldiers are already starting to feel the effects of isolation and two, Bamforth and Evans, are having an argument. Bamforth is mocking EvansGet back to Wales, you Cardiff creep. Only good for digging scorch and singing hymns, you crummy lot.This helps to reveal the theme of war because individuals do not usually mock people unnecessarily and callable to the isolated situation he is in Bamforth whitethorn be resorting to this to hide his allow fear, or even for want of something better to do.The use of escapism is a second indication that the drama is set while a war is taking place. Earlier on in the play, the soldiers spend a while discussing personal matters like their families and housesDid you do any gardening, Smudge, before you came into the army? enquires Evans of Smith. Smith answers by descr ibing his garden, expiry with I suppose the kids have racked it up.This seems somewhat strange as a garden appears a number of an odd thing to be worrying about in the middle of a war. It also feels quite a odd to the readers, as we know that it is highly unlikely that Smith will ever see his floor and family again. Also, it shows that the war has an effect on peoples feelings, making them think more about their homes and families and appreciate them more. Discussing families serves as misdirection to the men, who are just ordinary people needing a way to escape from the horror of their state of affairs. backstage Evans has a womens magazine, Ladys Companion and Home. Although at first he is teased about this, the soldiers eventually engage in a debate about one of the topics, again back up to take their minds off things. This leads to a upgrade discussion about families we learn about the soldiers girlfriends, wives and children. It is noticed, however, that Bamforth mention s nothing at all about his personal life, show a nature that does not wish to share individual stories, or is possibly jealous.One moreover example of escapism comes when Whitaker is seen darning his socks for kit inspection Saturday morning. This is something that is not sojourned of the men, revealing a spongy side not incorporated in the typical image of a soldier. This again reveals the theme of war by showing it meddles with peoples emotions the men unintentionally show their tender sides whilst doing anything to take their minds of the depressing situation that is war.The soldiers reactions to their radio receiver, which is unordered and so consequently useless, helps to take the theme of war further. Bamforth refuses to get excited when Whitaker thinks he hears something during his attempts to contact the inhabit of the platoonBamforth So whats the use.Whitaker I got something finished, Im telling you.Bamforth Thats your story, boy. You stick to it.Evans is not convin ced either, saying Perhaps you just imagined it, Sammy boy. This shows that war depresses people, and causes them to have negative attitudes, as they do not want to build their hopes up and be let down.However, when Whitaker tries a second time, both Evans and MacLeish think they have heard something as well, though Bamforth again refuses to let it get his hopes upBamforth Ah, so what.Evans I heard voices, BammoBamforth So what does that make you? Joan of Arc? Could have been any of the mobs up the jungle.We merchantman see that he does not wish to get excited about something that may turn out to be unimportant, in order not to disappoint himself. However, when he realises that no one is behind him he resorts to taunts and sarcasm to stop him feeling defeated. This comes back to the theme of war in that it brings out pessimism and negative attitudes in people, and that it causes conflict between the soldiers who are suddenly bundled together in a confined space.Whitaker tries the r adio a third time, and finds that although he picks up a small amount of sound, the radio fades due to a dead battery. Johnston gets irritated then, thinking that the dead battery could have prevented something important coming through Damn duff equipment. Whole damn issues duff. It is the fault of the broken radio, which was issued by the British Army, that the men are in this situation in the first place. This shows that the men are at the mercy of those in control, indicating they have been placed thither to do duties in a war that is not theirs, but their governments. Johnston and Mitchem smoke to hush up themselves this scene shows the fear and frustration that war causes.Meanwhile, Whitaker is still trying to tune into the radio. After four tries, the radio bursts into life at long last, and a Japanese voice is heard. The soldiers react with sarcastic, forced humour establish on the Geisha girls This again shows the topic of war because it demonstrates the soldiers fear th e forced humour is their way of dealing with it.As the Japanese army approach, the soldiers reactions to this reveal further the war theme. At first, Evans acts as though he is not concerned because he feels that they are too far away to pose a nemesis Its twenty miles at least However, he could just be trying to convince himself, and signs of worry and anxiousness are certainly showing among the other menWhitaker It was as clear as a cost They could be sitting right on top of usMacLeish Ive got my buddy posted out thereMacLeish continues this worry over his brother further into the play, and his navety is displayed he clearly knows nothing about how British prisoners of war are treated, and after they find the Japanese Soldier he goes to question Mitchem on the matter. At the same time he tries to convince himself that his brother will be treated fairlyMacLeish You hear so many stories you know, on how the Japs treat P.O.Ws.Mitchem Pretty rough, they reckon.MacLeish Im not so sure. You hear all kinds of things, as if theyre almostanimals. But this bloke seems a decent sort of bloke.The approach of the Japanese is making him wonder if his brother has been made a prisoner. This shows the theme of war because it shows war makes people think more about their families. Mitchem, rather than comforting MacLeish, adopts a realistic approach and shows good leadership, as he knows his men must be prepared.One further aspect that reveals the theme of war is the soldiers reaction to the Japanese Soldier they have come crossways. The soldiers struggle to decide whether or not to kill the soldier in a battle of pick versus rules Mitchem reckons the soldier has to be sacrificed in order for them to survive, while the Geneva Convention hurts to prevent them doing this. As we can see from the above, MacLeish sympathises with the soldier, and is not hostile towards him, displaying the idea that war is between governments and not individuals (although he changes his o pinion posterior on.)He is kind to the soldier, trying to convince himself that if he treats this one soldier well, the contend soldiers will be treating his brother well, should he have been made a prisoner of war. However he finds it hard to accept on to his morals this is shown in his changing attitude towards the soldier. When a British cigarette case is found, he thinks again of his brother but in a different way. This quick change of opinion reveals the theme of war by showing that war produces instinctive reactions.Most of the other soldiers react as we would expect from what we know of their personalities Johnston is an aggressive, power-hungry bully who hates the enemy and is eager to kill the soldier, having no doubts from the start Stick it in Dont stand there tossing the odds Just close your eyes and woof it in He is not sincerely thinking about what he is doing he just sees the soldier as the opposition, not a person, who has to be killed because that is, in his opinion, the way war works. Again this demonstrates the idea that the war is between governments, who tell their soldiers what they expect from them and this has to be carried out.Evans, whom Johnston is addressing at this point, finds himself unable to kill the soldier, which doesnt surprise us because he is quite a soft, kind-hearted person. This highlights the fact that in situations like war ordinary men are put in impossible situations, again helping to reveal this theme.One reaction to the Japanese soldier that comes as a surprise is that of Bamforth. Although he comes across as rather a violent, sarcastic playfulnessr without any detectable sensitive side he defends the opposing soldier and is friendly to him, and even goes as far as to make a joke attempt to teach him English I said, get your fingers up on your head Like this jibe Flingers on the blonce All light? At the very end, where all the other soldiers appear to have nem con decide to kill the soldier Bamforth stic ks by him loyally.He raises the question of morality in war, asking himself and the others if it is right to kill someone just because he is wearing the wrong uniform. He sees the soldier as an individual, like them, realising that he too has a family, which would be left without a husband and a father, should he be killed. It sometimes seems that Bamforth does not want to be there, he refusal to kill the soldier may even convey the fact that he is against the war all together.In the end, it is Whitaker the youngest and most vulnerable soldier in the police who clumsily shoots the soldier and leads his troop to discovery and death. This is ironic because he has consistently been the most timid phallus of the group. The incident clearly shows the negative effect of young and badly trained soldiers being placed in horrendous situations like war. The fact that it is Johnston, the most violent member of the patrol, who should survive at the end of the play is also ironic, as after constantly telling his own patrol to kill the enemy that was the opposing soldier, he himself surrenders to the Japanese.In conclusion, I find that Halls message about war is successfully conveyed through the characters. to each one character reacts differently to the circumstances, illustrating that war concerns everybody and has many different effects. Through some of the characters, especially Bamforth and his bonding with the Japanese soldier, Hall illustrates one of his most important messages war is between governments, not individuals.

There are many threats to global food supplies Essay Example for Free

There are many threats to world(a) nutrition supplies EssayThe provender security is a potential crisis to the world in terms of food supplies and food safety while the global population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 (Black, 2010). This essay, first of all, willjust focus on the threats to global food supplies from two main aspects the threats caused by the objective factors in a broad sense, and the challenges attributed to the subjective factors which closely related to the human behavior.After the analysis of the problems, a number of possible solutions will be suggested with the implications which will be further discussed accordingly. Although population,conditions of technology and economy, and climate forms seem to be tally with the human beings, they are both factors which cannot be changed by a simple policy or a short-term plan less than a decade. Therefore, in this essay, they are classified into the objective factors challenging the food supplies. As i scommonly known, population booming will directly lead to the severe shortage of land and piss which are essential to the food production.Weak conditions in terms of technology and economy accelerate the fork out gap and aggravate the threat, making the poor area more vulnerable (Godfray, et al, 2010).Also, extreme weather on with the deterioration of global climate will damage the crops. Climate changes including global warming will change the seasonal patterns of pollination for crops which would influence their production (Slaght, 2012). On the other hand, human factors contain more change reasons which are different from nations and industries. Generally, several main reasons can be concluded mismanagement on ecosystems causes the prominent decline in some species which eventually leads to the reduction of food supply(Slaght, 2012). Along with the regional industrialization, the exportations offruit and vegetables to developed countries squeeze out local staple crops, whi ch indirectly impacts the undeveloped areas suffering further from the malnourishment (Slaght, 2012). Besides, food waste during the merchant marine and processing, retail and home stages comprises a large proportion both in developed and developing countries (Godfray, et al, 2010).

The impact of societal change on family structures Essay Example for Free

The adjoin of societal motley on family structures EssayThe impact of societal change on family structures, functions and resources has become evident through, the acceptance of, uniform sex marriages/couples, sole parent, extended, foster, nuclear and defacto families, physical, economic, emotional, social, cultural, moral, spiritual, religious and adaptive lifestyles. Statistics from around the world are showing the changing views and perspectives on various roles in the family. It wasnt long ago in Australia, that births fall outside of marriage were considered to be unacceptable. In those days the young woman was sent off to the country to take a shit her chela and give it up for adoption, as to not deadening her familys reputation. Nowadays many another(prenominal) women are having children out of marriage. Whether it is through the convenience of not universe married or an unplanned pregnancy it has become frequently more(prenominal) common and accepted throughou t Australia. This also brings in to the equation the growing number of mothers in the workplace. previously later a woman had a child she did not return to work, but as the number of single mothers in the community has become more acceptable so has the view that women can return to the workforce after they have a child. by means of the assistance of government pensions, workplace run childcare and daycare centres, single mothers have the option of spacious government support or returning to work, with some assistance from the government.Apart from single mothers, there is the publish of single fathers. This could occur through the death of the mother or the mother be unsuitable to her role. concentrate and acceptance are right off widely offered to either single parent. Australians are also showing a trend to marrying later and having fewer children, often preferring to focus on their careers rather so settling down. Previously men and women were expected to have a family i n their late teens, but as the necessity to have lots of m whizy the view on this has changed. Also because of IVF and many other resources to help you have a child, both men and women do not feel the rush to have children, compared to people twenty age back. Since the number of babies has dropped dramatic anyy over the past few years, it has brought about an increase of other nationalities to spread across Australia. Also acceptance of inter-racial and inter-religious marriages has become accepted, as many people are coming to terms that all races are the same. This also brings in the acceptance of adoption, as many couples are starting to adopt children from afield countries, such as Asia, Africa and Russia, as well as having their own children has increased the number of blended families, in Australia.As Australia now is a growing multicultural society it has accepted and adapted to many multicultural traditions, cultures and beliefs. This has affected the way all Australians think as we have a more diverse punctuate we are more acceptable and adaptive to change in our society. Divorce was once considered to be a taboo, less than twenty years ago but statistics have proven that this view has been changed dramatically with, out of 331 200 marriages 173 600, will end in disunite. Many of these marriages include children with the average age of the child being seven years old. It has also proven that women are more likely to gain custody of the children then men, and in cases like these 14% of divorced dads end up, either not wanting to see their children or neglecting them emotionally. When divorce does occur there is a dramatic drop in the familys income, assistance is sometimes infallible from the government to provide for the basic needs, eg food and clothing. As a result of less income the family members become extremely acceptable to breakdowns and stress, which can lead to anger and falling out between family members. This can lead to the step-d own of socialisation between family members, as they can no longer stand being around one another.There is a variety of reasons in why more people are becoming divorced, they include, it being easier and more acceptable. In many cases divorced parents end up re-marrying, which creates stepfamilies. The couples who do survive the high divorce mortality rate often after their children leave home become foster parents as many couples seem to believe that having children around will keep them forever young and forever together. The largest societal change by far has been the acceptance of same-sex couples. Previously these couples were shunned by men and women alike, with many suppressing their sexuality. (Homosexuality dates back to Ancient Greece.) Is now only just becoming more readily accepted. There is now almost 18% of outed same sex couples in Australia, with a further more 9%, pursuing IVF or similar intervention to have children.The family functions has also changed through m any fathers becoming the stay at home mum and the women, after having the child return to the workforce and become the breadwinners. The good old nuclear family, being 2.3 children, mother, father and a dog has a seemed to have disappeared, with the impact of societal change. People have begun to realise that they can be an individual family and that they do not have to identify and have the same religion, culture and beliefs as everybody else. I believe that the change in society on family structures, functions and resources has changed for the better.

Nestle: Indias success story

draw close Indias success storyWith an employee-strength of over 3000 and turnover of US$ 497 million in 2003, go up India is one of the prima(p) companies in the FMCG space in India. The company is acknowledged amongst Indias Most Respected Companies and amongst the Top Wealth Creators of India.During the first composition half 2004, the company registered a lend income of US$ 257.8 million and net profit of US$ 23.73 million. near India is a 61.85 per cent subsidiary of nuzzle S.A. Switzerland and was incorporated as a limited company in 1959. It produces a great range of products including beverages, prepared dishes and cooking aids, milk products and nutrition, chocolate and candy store.Milk products and nutrition tale for around 45 per cent of Nestle Indias total revenues. The companys beverage products generate 22 per cent of the companys total revenues, while prepared dishes and cooking aids generate 18 per cent, and chocolate and confectionery 15 per cent. study Pla yer in processed foodsNestle India has over the years built strong brands like MAGGI, NESCAFE, CERELAC, LACTOGEN, KITKAT and POLO. Nestle is major player in many segments of the FMCG sector such as noodles and sauces MAGGI, instant coffee NESCAFE and wean foods. Nestle products are sold throughout India and are also exported to Russia, Hungary, Japan, USA and several other countries. These hold certain international products like Nescafe and Lactogen, as well as select culinary products to meet the drive of the ethnic Indian population living abroad. For three years in succession from 1999-2000 to 2001- 2002, Nestle India was accept with the top Exporter Award for export of Instant Coffee, and for export of every last(predicate) coffees to Russia and CIS Countries.Factors for successThe culture of innovation and renovation, free burning improvement and the thrust on range-for-money and affordability have helped the company to focus on adding determine for the consumer. The company has infinitely focused on operational efficiency improving product availability and visibility and initiated efforts to make its products more than relevant to the consumers. This has been supported by the distribution of smaller stock-keeping units (SKUs). There has been continuous focus on the septette value drivers, namelySales growthProfit marginWorking nifty intensity wintry capital intensityIncome tax rateCost of capitalValue growth duration advancement strategy for market place expansionThe following are some of the strategies used by Nestle for market expansion Availability of NESCAFE enhanced through an expansion of the vending machine network.New consumption opportunities for chocolates and confectionery were identified and developed in areas like railway platforms, college canteens and major events.Nestle set up coffee shop Nescafe and Coffee Corners across metros and mini-metros.Thrust on supply chainDuring the past few years, Nestle India has endlessly fo cused on improving the supply chain to reduce wastage, improve efficiencies and provide consumers with fresh stocks all the time.Reduction in the finished goods inventory pipeline to improve freshness of stocks and reduce working capitalControl on distribution costs through innovative measuresSustained improvement in node service levels to improve product availability across all geographies and channelsReduction in obsolescence of materials competence in research and developmentThe company has access to the Nestle Groups proprietary technology/brands, expertise and the colossal centralized research and development facilities. The culture of innovation and renovation and benchmarking of consumers tastes and products is facilitated in the company by the unparalleled Experimental Kitchen and 2Sensory Laboratory at the Head Office.Leveraging the India AdvantageOutsourcing manufacturingNestle India has six factories and a boastfully number of co-packers who manufacture products to Ne stle specifications.Outsourcing IT advantageThe Nestle Group is in the process of implementing the GLOBE protrusion across its operations worldwide. GLOBE is a unique project and the largest of its kind and will enable the Nestle Group to maintain its competitive advantage in the change magnitudely complex environments of the future.Leveraging the vast consumer base in IndiaNestle has an optimistic outlook on the Indian economy as the income of people is increasing and the lifestyles are changing. Nestle is keen on leveraging the vast consumer market of India.Future plansNestle Indias fair game is to manufacture and market the companys products in such a way so as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for consumers, shareholders, employees and business partners.Nestle aims to create value for consumers that can be sustained over the long term by offering a wide variety of high quality, safe food products at affordable prices.The company continuously focuses its efforts to better find the changing lifestyles of modern India and anticipate consumer needs in order to provide convenience, taste, nutrition and wellness through its product offerings.

Outline of the key models of working memory

Outline of the key sit downs of works repositingMemory has long transfixed cognitive psychologists and cognitive theories as to the nature of fund go as far back as the late 19th century and William James (James, 1890). He was the branch to propose a multi- instal case of reposition. In it he distinguished between primary and lowly memory. He stated that primary memory consisted of learning that remained in the intelligence immediately after it had been perceived and secondary memory which constituted memories that had left the consciousness but were still readily obtainable. His theories became the benchmark for cognitive research in the area of memory and were grow upon with the terms short-term memory and long-run memory soon becoming coined instead of his primary and secondary memory model. This was then positive into a three stage model by Atkinson and Shiffren in 1968 (Passer Smith, 2009). This multi-store model was a quite a large advancement however it was ve ry radical in envision as get words the workings(a)s of short term memory (Eysenck Keane, 2010). It wasnt until the 70s and Baddeley and stops model of working memory, that a more developed scheme on short term memory was properly explored (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974). They believed that the three stage model of memory was too passive in its explanation on short term memory. This was the most complex theory in this area that had been put forward at the era, however Baddeleys Working Memory theory is not universally agreed upon and other contrasting views exist. For example Shah and Miyake disagree with some of Baddeleys assumptions in a base published in 1996 (Eysenck and Keane, 2010).In this essay different theories on working memory will be explored, also to be taken into neb is how they compare and contrast. It will also be evaluated whether working memory foundation be understood in terms of attentional control by taking into account various studies.The Working Memory model has been greatly expand on over the years since it was first published til now its core arguments remain the same. Working memory is a limited capacitance formation that temporarily stores and processes randomness (Passer Smith, 2009). According to Baddeley, working memory is split into four components, a phonological loop-the-loop, a visuo-spatial sketchpad, a aboriginal executive and an divided buffer.The phonological loop is where sounds are briefly stored in working memory. It is active when listening to spoken words or sounding out words while reading. Baddeley and Hitch proposed that the phonological loop is made up of two mechanisms, a phonological store and an articulatory recital dodge. The articulatory rehearsal system silently repeats the information in order to access the phonological store which is connected with the perception of speech. As shown in Eysenck Keane (2010) there is fairly good turn up to back its strawman through research with brain d amaged patients. However the point should be raised that the phonological loop expects to have little purpose as people with deficient phonological loops seem to manage very well.The visuo-spatial sketchpad oversees the brief storage of visual and spatial information (Passer Smith, 2010). Similar to the phonological loop Baddeley proposed that it also can be cleard into two mechanisms, the visual cache which stores information concerning the image from and colour and the inner nock which processes spatial and movement information. It also transfers the information from the visual cache to the central executive. It should also be illustrious that the Baddeleys working memory theory allows for the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad to be used simultaneously, this can be seen when a word is linked with an image in memory. Evidence by a variety of researchers supports the idea of separate spatial and visual components including research by Quinn and Mc Connell in 199 6 and Beschin et al in 1997 however very little is yet proven about the processes which integrate both of these (Eysenck Keane, 2010).The central executive is the most important, yet least understood, of Baddeleys four components in his working memory model. It directs the overall action of the other components and is theorized to be contained in the frontal lobes of the brain. It is also theorized to be responsible for the switching of attention between tasks, the mean of sub-tasks to achieve a goal, the updating and checking of the contents of the working memory system and coding representations in working memory for time and place of appearance (Eysenck Keane, 2010). Baddeley used the impairments displayed by individuals who suffered from damage to the frontal lobes on their brain as evidence to support the presence of the central executive. He hypothesised that it was because of a malfunctioning central executive that these individuals acted as though they lacked a system to control their processing resources appropriately. Baddeley called this dysexecutive syndrome (Eysenck Keane, 2010).The final component of Baddeleys model is the episodic buffer this was totally added to the working memory theory in 2000. It was believed that the model was lacking a general storage system that is not limited to just one form of information but can manage some(prenominal) types. This is the role that the episodic buffer fills. It takes information from both the long term and working memory and integrates and manipulates it so that it can be consciously used. Baddeley also believed that the episodic buffer comes into play when chunking information. He proposed that the episodic buffer expands on the phonological loops limited acoustic range and allows the brain to remember larger chunks of information in the short term by putting them into meaningful phrases and linking them together with what is already known in the long term memory (Passer Smith, 2009)Baddeley an d Hitches working memory model is extremely comprehensive and is a very valid alternative to Atkinson and Shiffrens short term store model as it has more evidence to support its theories then the other way around (Eysenck Keane, 2010).However not all researchers agree with all aspects of this working memory model. Shah and Miyake (1996) disagreed with Baddeleys notion that there is only one central executive. They put forward the theory that there are in fact separate central executives that deal with verbal and spatial working memory systems respectively. They obtained evidence that supported their view through a study in which students were presented with tests of verbal and spatial working memory, in their results the correlations between reading span and spatial span seemed to agree with their hypothesis on separateness. This showcases that Baddeley and Hitches model is not omnipotent.Another working memory model is Cowans Integrated Framework theory (Cowan, 1995). Here Cowan d oesnt regard working memory as a separate system, but as a part of long-term memory and he believes that working memory is organized into two levels. The first level is made up of the activation of long-term memory stores he believes that there can be many of these and that there is no limit to activation of these stores in long-term memory. The second level is called the focus of attention. The focus is regarded as capacity limited and holds up to four of the activated stores.Cowans model is not as expansive as Baddeleys and it goes against the penetrate as it promotes a single-store model which could be viewed as dated by many researchers today. However it does strain to understand working memory in terms of attentional control, a view shared by many.A study on adults with ADHD sought to prove whether working memory ability could justify group differences in brain activity between those with ADHD and a control group during attentionally demanding situations (Burgess et al, 2010 ). Their results seemed to provoke that a link does indeed exist between working memory and attentional control.Also, Baddeley himself said that the central executive and the supervisory attentional system (SAS) described by Shallice (1982) were one and the same. According to Shallice, the supervisory attentional system is a limited capacity system that is used for a variety of purposes, including the monitoring of tasks involving planning or decision making.In conclusion this essay examined the working memory model and some of its stolon models. Baddeley and Hitchs original model has been developed and most researchers use it as the base model for their studies in this area. It has been expanded upon many times over the years and seems to be able to incorporate more modern ideas into its basic structure. As a result the argument can be put forward that it is currently the outmatch model of working memory.As regards working memory and attentional control, they appear to be linked and studies seem to have shown that link as shown by

Contraception And The Catholic Church Religion Essay

cont speed upptive method And The Catholic church Religion EssayReligions mall in civilization has eer been a tenuous battle between the liberties society is willing to gift it, and the divine right they claim. More recently religion has confine do to fill the void between gay desire and exampleity in the wake of inherent greed. The Roman Catholic church is, perhaps, one of the intimately(prenominal) driven and commanding religious institutions its claims drive perpetually been those of religious enlightenment, a beacon of hope chastely guiding society in a world of darkness and sin. On an idyllic level, universality functions as intended for its millions of followers the church building provides a sense of stability and spiritual guidance. Yet regardless of conception or belief, religion and Catholicism argon flawed they are military man concepts instituted and governed by man, inherently win to human error and imperfection. Religion in general and particularly the Catholic Church have always claimed a monopoly on the definition of transgression and incorruptity, fortifying its role in society as a linchpin of hope and faith for all people both good and evil. Yet history has demonstrated that these charges have been repeatedly ab functiond and misinterpreted, catering to the powerful while often smothering subordinates cries of injustice. Perhaps one of the nigh staunch and unwavering views of the Catholic Church has been their placement on contraceptive method until the 1930s Catholicism stood side-by-side with Protestants in their dissenting view on the distri exception and use of contraception. However with the advancement of modern medicine the use of contraception became an acceptable and essentially healthy charge for much of the world. While Protestants recognized the value of contraception and safe- call down, Catholicism still refuses to accept its necessary role in society.By the Catholic definition, transgression (otherwise co gnize as sin) is define as an offence against reason, truth, and right conscience it is a failure in literal love for God and neighbor ca utilize by a perverse attachment to certain goods (Catholic Pages). Catholicism only splits sin into two categories soul sin and venial sin. Venial sin is a comparatively dotty form of transgression when compared to mortal sin, as its consequence is not eternal eternal damnation it is essentially both sin that is committed without the full knowledge or intent of the parties involved and is not grave in nature (ONeil). For a transgressive act to be considered a mortal sin, it must fulfill three requirements the subject area must be grave, the sin must be committed with full knowledge, and the sin must be committed deliberately (Catholic Pages). Murder, theft, adultery, premarital sex, bearing false witness, and the use of contraception are all considered mortal sins in the eyes of the Catholic Church and are divinely punishable by eternal dam nation (Catholic Pages). While there are several acts that unarguably belong in this category, it would have the appearance _or_ semblance that several are out of place, the most blatant being contraception. It is important to note that the Catholic definition of sin is neither much nor less legitimate than that of any other denomination it is merely a byproduct of scriptural interpretation and human indemnity. Many argue that one of Catholicisms greatest weapons has been its definition of sin, which has repeatedly been wielded to assert Church authority in matters ranging from war fartheste and foreign relations to simple human race policy disagreements. Contraception, which by biblical write is alternatively referred to as Onanism (referring to Onans sin of withdrawal in refusing to impregnate his dead brothers wife, a sin by Jewish faith) has been manipulated similarly to homosexuality (Brohm, Birth Control). The term Sodomy (like Onanism) was also coined by the Catholic Ch urch, as it referred to the men of Sodom and the homosexual acts they committed (Brohm, Birth Control). When an institution clears the power to define what is right, they hold a monopoly on justice and while it may be righteously wielded for a period, basic human nature makes its abuse inherent.Focusing specifically on the mortal sin of contraception, a practice that has come to be more than a means for inconsequential pleasure, especially in a world of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, the need for its proper distri hardlyion and use is more necessary than ever forrader (particularly in preventing the spread of infectious and potentially deadly diseases). The Church has always maintained a slopped stance on contraception, lauding it as a violation of natural law (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). This opinion evict be traced back to passages in Genesis But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his so whenever he lay with his brothers wife, he s tab k eyed his semen on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother.What he did was wicked in the Lords sight so he put him to death also (Genesis 389-10). However this biblical reference is disputable as Onans use of coitus interruptus (otherwise kn admit as withdrawal) was aimed at preventing the pregnancy of his dead brothers wife, with whom he was charged to breed according to Jewish tradition. It was not merely for the sake of avoiding pregnancy that Onan acted in such a way he was simply trying to avoid creating children for whom he couldnt provide. This single passage forms the undercoat for the Catholic argument against contraception. The church also considers the practice of sterilization (just as that of contraception) sinful as the legal age of biblical doctrine compiled against contraception does not specifically prohibit contraceptive measures, but rather condemns the practice of sterilization as a defilement of the human body.When examined in context, muc h of Catholicisms argument against contraception is substantiated by their doctrine and interpretation. Epiphanius of Salamis wrote, They certain Egyptian heretics exercise genital acts, yet prevent the conceiving of children. Not in order to conjure offspring, but to satisfy lust, are they eager for corruption (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Epiphanius basis for claiming the Egyptians actions sinful seems to be more a statement against Egyptian culture and peoples (a civilization that was largely under Moslem rule and thus in direct opposition to Catholicism), than a direct attack on the crime of contraception. It is more a method for the Church to gain get word and power over a civilization than a chaste statement like the Church often parades it as. This same format of condemnation occurs in the writings of St. Augustine You Manicheans make your auditors adulterers of their wives when they take care lest the women with whom they copulate conceive. They take wives ac cording to the laws of matrimony by tablets announcing that the marriage is contracted to procreate children and then, fearing because of your law against childbearing. They copulate in a shameful union only to satisfy lust for their wives (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Again, the substantiation of Augustines argument is based not on the inherent sinfulness of contraception, but rather the transgressive actions of the Manicheans whose own law prevents them from bearing children in certain situations. Both Augustine and Epiphanius highlight an inherent irony that occurs repeatedly in Catholic doctrine the Church adopts a position on an issue, not in the spirit of moral guidance and leadership, but rather as a means of vilifying and defiling societys view of a certain race or civilization (most typically one that was proclaimed heretic or had an outstanding argument with the Catholic Church such as the Manicheans or the Egyptians). By using their power to interpret religiou s doctrine, the Church was often able to form their policy in a manner that vindicated their cause, while slandering the moral standards of their enemies and dissenters.In recent times the Catholic petition against contraception has focused on the defilement of marriage. The Churchs stance on the unacceptability of premarital sex has always remained firm hence it is assumed that contraception is used only within the confines of marital relations. As is tradition, the electric current Pope Benedict XVI re-create the Catholic Churchs stance against the use of contraception (specifically birth control) in a 2008 Vatican statement calling the policy an important document which addresses one of the essential aspects of the marital vocation and of the specific path of holiness that follows from it (Ertelt). fundamentally the current pontiff claims that the use of contraception is an attack on the natural expression of love displayed through and through with(predicate) the act of procre ation. While Pope Benedict XVIs stance on contraception is more rationally defined than previous church policy, it still demonstrates a disconnectedness with modern society. Obviously the Church will never promote or endorse multiple sex partners and it is unlikely that their stance on premarital sex will change in the near future, however their dissenting position on birth control and contraception suggests a lack of modern day colloquial knowledge. The rationale for the use of contraception is far beyond any ancient concepts of marital relations or natural order, the issue is one of public health and world population.Perhaps the most compelling rationale for contraceptive education and use is the current HIV/AIDS pandemic that is sweeping Africa and invading other parts of the world. As of 2007 it was estimated that approximately 33 million men, women, and children were afflicted by either HIV or AIDS (AVERT). Since 1981 the HIV/AIDS and the subsequent illnesses it causes has kil led 25 million people (AVERT). While not all of these numbers can be derived forthwith from the absence of proper contraceptive measures, a fair majority of those afflicted acquire the disease through unprotected sexual interaction. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 5% of the adult population is afflicted (roughly translating to 22 million people), some myths suggest the only cure for HIV/AIDS is unprotected intercourse with a virgin child, only further reinforcing the need for contraceptive awareness and education (AVERT). The Catholic Church has always regarded itself as a shelter for the poor, homeless, and otherwise less fortunate however their medieval stance on contraception suggests that they are ignoring the reality of modern times. Catholicism contradicts its own doctrine when it preaches a message of favorate for the sick, only to turn and condemn contraception, a practice that could potentially stem disease and poverty on a global scale.Even ignoring disease, the proper education and use of contraception still holds the power to rectify the standard of living general. There are between 143 million and 210 million orphans worldwide the Catholic Church has always pledged to be an institution that provides hope and shelter for those in need (including the millions of orphans), yet all year hundreds of thousands of unwanted pregnancies result in children being forced onto the streets or into the foster system (Skyward Journey). pay off Teresa, 1979 Nobel Peace Prize Winner and one of the most gracious and influential women in the twentieth century, fervidly opposed the use of contraception. This is in many ways ironic, as fix Teresas mission centered on caring for the impoverished children of the world. Her humanitarian efforts to promote credence are legendary, yet in 1988 Oxford conference she tell that she would never allow a child entrusted to her care to be adopted by a char char who had an abortion or used contraceptives. Such a w oman cannot love, she said. (BBC News). Mother Teresas stance on adoption and contraception are inherently contradictory contraception reduces unwanted pregnancies, consequently reducing the number of orphaned children (Mother Teresas mission). Yet to say that contraception is not only a sin, but also a alter characteristic for an adopting mother is (plainly put) ridiculous. There can be no solid proof that a woman who chooses to take birth control is incapable of loving such a statement is fundamentally absurd. Mother Teresas opinion regarding contraception identically mirrors that of the Catholic Church as a whole (she was commonly called upon by Pope John Paul II to be an ambassador of Church doctrine), and demonstrates a clear disconnect with the problems facing the modern world.The Church also blatantly ignores the medicative uses of birth control in their anti-contraceptive convictions. hinge on without the consequence of pregnancy is not the only use for the pill women wh o suffer from irregular and uncommonly dreadful menstruation periods turn to birth control as a form of relief and regulation. The hormones within the pill act to correct imbalances within some womens biological cycle (an aspect of birth control which Catholicism wholly ignores). This not only makes menstruation more regular and predictable, but it often shortens the total space and decreases the severity of side effects like nausea and cramps. Even the use of birth control for healthful purposes is generally condemned by the Church, as their doctrine makes no exception or distinction between the medicinal and contraceptive use of the pill (similar to their adamant opposition to abortion, even when it is medically necessary to save an expecting mothers life). in conclusion Catholicisms opinion on contraception has remained static seemingly more for the sake of stubbornness and continuity than unquestionable policy and necessity. With membership, attendance, and giving at an all time low within the Catholic Church (and most sects of Christianity), it would seem that these are a direct response to the stale doctrines and policies that Catholicism clings to in the midst of a dynamic and rapidly developing world. In an age where technology progresses at an exponential pace, humans seem to be searching for spiritual guidance that is as dynamic as the world they live in not simply a regurgitated list of constant reverence and piety that stands unforgiving and unwavering in the face of new opinions and ideals. The Church preaches messages of forgiveness and compassion, is it not compassionate to prevent the conception of an unwanted child, in a world where children are regularly abandoned and orphaned. Catholicism needs to realize the gravity of their policies, millions worldwide look to the Churchs doctrine for guidance and in terms of contraception millions are misled. The same as objurgate homosexuality, Catholicisms position on contraception touts those who violate their doctrine as sinners to be looked down, a class beneath those who are saved by their faith. Anyone familiar with the Bible knows that its teachings (and particularly the teachings of Jesus Christ) center on word meaning and love nowhere in the Ten Commandments is it specified thou shall not use contraception but rather love thy neighbor and do not covet they neighbors property are dictated. The basic principles of compassion and the appreciation are taught, not constraint and restriction. The Catholic opinion and fixation with the sins of society ultimately trim down from the purpose and message of religion in general its purpose is not to dictate and control the lives of its followers, but rather to support and supplement believers faith, counseling them in times of trouble and providing an explanation for those areas which man waterfall short.