Occupational Health and Safety Act

†¢ The Occupational Health and Safety Act provides us with the framework and the tools to achieve this goal.†¢ Changes to the Act in 1990 and subsequent years continued the evolution of occupational health and safety legislation in Ontario. These improvements are based on our experiences.†¢ Occupational injuries and illnesses have been present throughout history: – Ancient Egypt: stonemasons with respiratory problems– Industrial Revolution: introduction of new materials/ processes (asbestos, oils)†¢ OHS first evident in late 1800’s in Ontario with the passage of legislation establishing safety standards .By the 1900’s every province had laws that regulated heating , lighting, ventilation, hygiene, fire safety, and accident reporting†¢ 1974 was the start of the OHS system that we see today. The Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines was formed by the Ontario government.†¢ This commission was the first to articulate the 3 principle rights of workers. These 3 rights still enshrine out current legislation and provides the basis for the OHS programming in Canada.1. The right to refuse dangerous work without a penalty2. The right to participate in identifying and correcting health and safety problems3. The right to know about hazards in the workplace Current OHSA. The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) was created to ensure a safe working environment†¢ Encompasses several regulations to cover various industries, working environments, and hazards†¢ Allows for quantifiable guidelines on exposure to hazards †¢ Used in combination with other Acts and Codes to maintain every worker’s basic right: to leave work in the same state they entered Tragedies that changed the Safety Movement. †¢ Elliot Lake Minor Strike – 1974 – Workers on Strike to protest deplorable health and safety conditions. Catalyst for the health and safety act. †¢ Westray Mine Disaster 1992 – was the result of actions, omissions, mistakes, incompetence and neglect. Methane gas ignited killing 26 miners. Took several years (2003) amendment to the criminal code now hold corporations and their senior officers accountable for criminal negligence in the workplace. Internal Responsibility System (IRS). The internal responsibility system is the underlying philosophy of the occupational health and safety legislation in all Canadian Jurisdictions. Its foundation is that everyone in the workplace –both employees and employers –are responsible for his or her own safety and for the safety of co-workers Work and Workplace Not Covered. †¢ Work done by the owner or occupant, or a servant, in a private residence †¢ Farming operation†¢ Workplaces under the federal government– Post offices– Airlines and airports– Banks– Some grain elevators– Telecommunication companies– Trucking, shipping, and railway– Federal workers are covered under a different law: The Canada Labor Code The Rights of Workers. †¢ The Right to Participate: Workers have the right to part of the process of indentifying and resolving workplace health and safety†¢ The Right to Know: Right to know about any potential hazards to which they may be exposed. This is done through WHMIS†¢ The Right to Refuse Work: Right to refuse dangerous work. Duties of Employers. †¢ The Act imposes duties on those who have any degree of control over the workplace, the materials, and equipment in the workplace and direction of the workforce.†¢ There is a general duty on employers to take all reasonable precautions to protect the health and safety of workers. 12Duties of Supervisor. †¢ Supervisor shall ensure that the workers works in the manner and with the protective devices, measures and procedures required by this Act and the regulations; and†¢ The worker uses or wears the equipment, protective devices or clothing that the worker’s employer requires to be used or worn. Duties of Supervisor. †¢ Advise a worker of the existence of any potential or actual danger to the health or safety of the worker of which the supervisor is aware;†¢ Provide a worker with written instructions as to the measures and procedures to be taken for protection of the worker; and†¢ Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker. †¢ Work in compliance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations;†¢ Use or wear the equipment, protective devices or clothing that the worker’s employer requires to be used or worn;†¢ Report to his or her employer or supervisor the absence of or defect in any equipment or protective device of which the worker is aware and which may endanger himself, herself or another worker; and†¢ Report to his or her employer or supervisor any contravention of this Act or the regulations or the existence of any hazard of which he or she knows. TO AVOID:†¢ Using or operating any equipment, machine, device or thing or work in a manner that may endanger himself, herself or any other worker; or†¢ Engaging in any prank, contest, feat of strength, unnecessary running, or rough conduct. 16Joint Health and Safety Committees. †¢ A joint health and safety committee is required:†¢ At a workplace at which twenty or more workers are regularly employed;†¢ At a workplace with respect to which an order to an employer is in effect under section 33; or†¢ At a workplace, other than a construction project where fewer than twenty workers are regularly employed, with respect to which a regulation concerning designated substances applies. Duties of the Committee. †¢ Identify situations that may be a source of danger or hazard to workers.†¢ Make recommendations to the employer and the workers for the improvement of the health and safety of workers.†¢ Recommend to the employer and the workers the establishment, maintenance and monitoring of programs, measures and procedures respecting the health or safety of workers.18Composition of the committee†¢ A committee shall consist of:– At least two persons, for a workplace where fewer than fifty workers are regularly employed.– At least four persons, for a workplace where fifty or more workers are regularly employed.

The Rise of Fascism and Japanese Imperialism Essay

The Rise of Fascism and Japanese Imperialism - Essay Example The three primary factors were: Japanese militant imperialism, the failure of the League of Nations, and Nazi Germany’s inability to abide by their own treaties. America tried to avoid being directly involved with the military, by assuring its military neutrality at several conferences and through arms deals. Despite America’s proposed neutrality, it did certainly favor its old allies from the days of the First World War, and oppose the spread of fascism. It thus attempted to aid its allies through arms deals such as the lend-lease act, which would provide American made military machinery of various sorts to the British for free in the short term, supposedly expecting repayment in the long term (Brinkley 243). America thus tried to avoid getting directly involved with the conflict while still providing its allies with the materials necessary to win it themselves. America’s attempts to avoid conflict were foiled by several factors, the most notable of which was Ja panese imperialism. The United States and Japan both had significant pacific colonies, with the United States holding Hawaii and the Philippines while Japan had a series of pacific islands. This brought the two nations into conflict, and all but assured that Japan’s imperial aims would eventually come up against American land claims. This conflict led to the proximate cause of America entering the Second World War, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Because of the alliance between Japan and Germany, the attack had to be considered an act of both parties, and the United States was thus directly thrust into the Second World War. Though Japanese imperialism was a proximate cause that directly led to the United States entering the conflict, there were several other factors that would have all but guaranteed that the United States would have eventually had to get involved regardless. One of these was Germany’s lack of honesty and integrity when dealing at peace conference s, especially the Munich conference. At this conference, a European line in the sand was drawn, indicating that Germany’s actions up to that point, such as annexing Austria or Czechoslovakia would be accepted (in part because those, especially Austria, were already in Germany’s sphere of influence and at least partly culturally German). Germany’s technically illegal expansion of its army was also legitimized, in large part because allies had begun to realize how unreasonably harsh their victory conditions after WWI were. The conference also indicated, however, that Germany would not continue future territorial expansions such as invading France or Poland. Germany agreed to this plan, then relatively quickly afterwards, built up their military and invaded Poland. This indicated that Germany’s peace promises could not be trusted, which means that the United States would never feel assured of its safety. The failure of the League of Nations also guaranteed a n eventually entry into the conflict by the United States. The League of Nations was a group proposed by Woodrow Wilson at the close of the First World War as a mechanism to stop future wars: it would be a place both for diplomatic discussions and have military power to engage in defense actions, forcing an armed truce amongst all

Influential Type Designer paper (Akira Kobayashi) Assignment

Influential Type Designer paper (Akira Kobayashi) - Assignment Example Akira Kobayashi was born in the year 1960. He undertook his studies at Murashimo Art University in Japan for four years until 1983 before proceeding for a calligraphy course at the London School of Printing. Even though the type designer did not benefit from the United States military scholarships for education at that time, he managed to carve for himself a successful career out his art studies (Kobayashi 1-2). Akira worked as a freelance type designer from 1997 to 2001, during which he won himself numerous accolades in type designing competitions. Since 2001, Akira has been the Type Director at Linotype Library. During his reign at the company, Akira has overseen the completion of numerous typefaces that have received immense appreciation from art scholars across the world. Recently, a type designer completed his Optima nova family in collaboration with the original designer, Professor Zapf Hermann. Akira Kobayashi is arguably the most accomplished type designers of his time. His dedication to the realm of typefaces has earned him very many awards and prices over a career that has spanned for close to three decades. Some of his most outstanding achievements include the following: The informal new brush typeface is characterized by a unique, streaky appearance. It was created with a brush before getting refined in order to give its font an even, overall texture. The font has proved to be very effective in big display applications in which a casual, immediate effect is desired. This is a contemporary sans serif typeface that derives its character from the Italian scripts from the Italian Renaissance. The typographer has utilized an extremely stylish and rational approach in designing an inspired modern Adobe Originals adaptation through the Calcite Pro. The typeface’s geometric form and its near crystalline texture elicit images of the mineral element from which its name has been derived. The dynamic appearance of the typeface adds a strong

How male and female Regard Interaction and Leadership Differences in Essay

How male and female Regard Interaction and Leadership Differences in the business communication - Essay Example This is particularly brought about by the perceived inferiority of women, a notion that is largely driven by historical gender inequalities. Despite the extant differences, its should also be noted that they do not form a basis for stereotyping whereby one gender is considered as having better or more advanced communication skills and thus better placed to be effective and competent leaders. On the contrary, in spite of the differences, experience has shown that men and women are still able to meet certain goals and emerge as business leaders with equally effective and good communication skills (Winter, Neal and Waner, 2001). This paper, therefore, explores the differences in how males and females regard interactions and leadership in business setting by looking at the physiological and psychological gender differences, task differences, expertise differences, differences in communication and leadership styles and draws on a conclusion on how they impact on their roles as leaders in at the work place. Gender Differences Men and women are two distinct genders with totally different physiological attributes as evident in the manner in which they act, communicate and methods they employ to influence others around them. These gender differences in communication and influence tactics have a significant role to play in defining their leadership styles at the workplace. Academic research has shown that men have a higher likelihood of being chosen as leaders than men while women generally take considered to take a backstage position and deal with everyday tasks. This is mainly because men and women view the purpose of communication from totally two different perspectives. While men use communication as a way of exerting dominance over others and achieving tangible results, women employ language as a medium of enhancing social connections and creating durable relationships with those around them (Wood, 1996). Another physiological difference between men and women is tha t while the female gender is generally considered to be more expressive, cautious and courteous in their verbal interactions with others, men on the other hand are more assertive, and power hungry (Basow and Rubenfield, 2003). It is these differences in the physiological and psychological nature of the two genders that make men to be likely chosen as leaders as they are more assertive and always desire to posses power, while women, showing tentativeness in their interactions, usually stay in the background and are mainly involved in the everyday tasks. John Gray (1992) identified different communication styles depicted by men and women, suggesting that men are more likely to be goal oriented and are mainly driven by the desire to achieve results. Women on the other hand vale fostering of relations and mainly define desired accomplishments by the type of relationships they build over time. More are more of introverts when it comes to dealing with problem situations as they prefer to keep to themselves while women prefer to talk out issues and involve the opinion of others. Task Differences One difference that stands out between men and w

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics Essay

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics - Essay Example Although everything written in the Code of Ethics is significant to the well-being of children, some stood out for me among the rest. Some are on the issues of children’s assessment. I 1.6 states: â€Å"To use assessment instruments and strategies that are appropriate for the children to be assessed, that are used only for the purposes for which they were designed, and that have the potential to benefit children†. I 1.7 states: â€Å"To use assessment information to understand and support children’s development and learning, to support instruction and to identify children who may need additional services† (Decker, Decker, Freeman, and Knorpf, 2009, p. 356). For several years in the past, assessment techniques were limited to written quizzes, exams, oral recitation, individual and group projects, etc. Assessment methods either fall under the more traditional approaches that expect students to regurgitate information previously fed to them or authentic asses sment that traverse a wider range of academic disciplines and skills as well as assessment approaches that attempt to evaluate the â€Å"whole child† in a wide span of application of his knowledge and abilities (Darling-Hammond et al, 1993). Although the basic assumption behind traditional and authentic assessment is common, which is to develop prolific citizens, the former approach tests the students on the possession of certain knowledge while the latter tests the students on the application of knowledge. Consistent with constructivist philosophy, authentic assessment entrusts the reins of learning to the students. They â€Å"are required to provide rigorous intellectual commitment and perseverance, and teachers must continually connect student’s previous and current knowledge to the emerging curriculum† (Wescombe-Down, n.d., n.p). Hence, assessment methods should include learner-centred activities

Economic and financial markets Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic and financial markets - Case Study Example In 1992 Starbucks became a public limited company (www.mhhe.com) through an IPO. The coffee is supplied mainly through its own and franchised coffee-shop chains as well as through supermarkets. Starbucks’ main competitors in the speciality coffee-shop business are Costa Coffee, Barista and Coffee Bean. Though its mainstay remains its coffee brewing business, Starbucks also offers other hot and cold drinks, hot and cold sandwiches, ice cream, pastries and snacks. Many people have bought its mugs and tumblers to express their appreciation for the Starbucks brand. A more recently created Starbucks Entertainment Division and its Hear Music label also offers books, music and films. Clearly Starbucks has expanded from just a coffee label to a much larger enterprise (www.starbucks.com). Comments on Starbucks’ Pricing Strategy In the given assignment, we are asked to comment on the pricing strategy of Starbucks chain. We are told that at a local Starbucks, customers are offered a variety of alternatives with the following price list: Freshly brewed coffee ?1.55 Cafe Latte ?1.99 Capuccino ?1.99 Vanilla Latte ?2.29 Caramel Machiato ?2.65 Cafe Americano ?1.70 Expresso ?1.35 Cafe Mocha ?2.25 White Cafe Mocha ?2.65 The above prices are for the ‘tall’ size of the above beverages. ... tte, Cappuccino and Cafe Americano come in the price range ?1.70 to ?1.99, and the last or uppermost tier is for its fancier offerings such as Vanilla Latte, Cafe Mocha and White Cafe Mocha, costing between ?2.25 and ?2.65 respectively. It is also possible that the people ordering these beverages form different classes of customers for Starbucks. Quite possibly the cost of making these beverages and the additional labour and ingredients that are put in have also affected the final price charged by Starbucks. So we can see that there are three tiers of prices possibly indicating low, medium and high class customer preferences. Anyway as far as a cup of coffee goes, there is not much overall variation between the lowest price of ?1.35 and the highest price of ?2.65 a cup at Starbucks- indeed it is very reasonable and such a price difference will readily be accepted by a consumer (Kotler, 1990). Product pricing theory advises us that when setting the price of a product, we should take i nto account the price elasticity of demand for a product (McConnell & Brue, 2005). However one must regard a cup of coffee as a basic necessity especially in the winter season, so its price elasticity is relatively low. Its only real substitute is tea, but even that loses favour in the winter season. For avowed coffee fanatics, no other beverage will do. Starbucks’ pricing strategy will most likely also be impacted by the price charged by its competitors, whether it is entering into a new marketplace and is willing to offer price discounts in the beginning period, or whether it wants to place itself at the higher end of the market and charge higher prices, focusing only on a select group of high end customers having purchasing power. Obviously it is aided in this by its international

Business to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business to Business - Essay Example Amazon.com, the world’s largest online retailer, has developed improved mechanisms for promoting its B2B e-business transactions. This paper will analyze Amazon’s B2B arrangements with other companies and the nature of B2B transactions the company engaged in. In addition to discussing Amazon’s technical architecture that supports its B2B transactions, the paper will also identify the benefits and drawbacks of these transactions. Amazon’s B2B transactions Amazon.com has developed B2B arrangements well with firms across the globe. According to the Forbes writer Kanellos, Amazon is under an ongoing evolution process where the organization is transferring from a consumer retailer to a logistics provider to business houses. Amazon allows third parties (or external marketers) to sell their products by means of its online retail services. Firms can display their inventory information, sell their products, and receive payments online once they created an account i n Amazon.com. In addition, sellers can also make use of Amazon’s Webstore, which would help them take advantages of search engine optimization and backend organization. As Kanellos points out, the volume of products sold by external marketers on Amazon website increased to 36 percent. Amazon follows an interesting B2B model in delivering services to third-party retailers. Traditionally, a store owner or a wholesaler considers the difference between the retail and wholesale price as its profit. In contrast to this conventional business practice, Amazon likes to obtain a commission on its online retail services. Market analysts observe that this business model has greatly assisted the company to advance in B2B marketing. The organization has developed an affiliate program for promoting its products and its online retailers. Businesses can earn income when Amazon products are purchased through clicking those firms’ advertisement link. Publishing is another B2B service off ered by the Amazon. The company launched its self-publishing site in 2011with intent to assist individuals to self-publish their movies, music, and books online and thereby to eliminate intermediary costs. Once an individual obtains a copyright on his products like books or movies, he can use the advertisement and payment solutions provided by the Amazon. The company offers free publishing options and finds its revenues through royalty payments and shopping fees. As Smith opines, the fulfillment program is Amazon’s one of the major advancements in its B2B environment; this program allows organizations to store and ship their products through Amazon’s fulfillment center. Once the Amazon fulfillment center receives the items sent by companies, those items are cataloged into the firm’s system. Under this option, companies can either sell their offerings through Amazon.com or complete the sales process using their own techniques. When items are ordered, Amazon fulfi lls the orders and delivers the products to the end customers directly. Amazon’s back office system assists business houses to track the fulfillment. It is identified that Amazon has B2B relationships with different sizes of businesses ranging from sole traders to corporate giants. As per Amazon’s B2B strategy, new and un-established companies need to commence their operations with personal accounts.